OpenGL学习-立方体

OpenGL学习-立方体

开发环境搭建参考：https://lexiaoyuan.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120059213

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通用配置步骤

• Visual Studio，创建一个新的空项目
• 复制glad.c文件到你的工程中
• 选中项目，右键选择属性–> C/C++目录–> 常规–> 包含目录：加上头文件存放的目录
• 选中项目，右键选择属性–> C/C++目录–> 常规–> 库目录：加上lib文件存放的目录
• 选中项目，右键选择属性–> 链接器–> 输入–> 附加依赖项：加入opengl32.lib;glfw3.lib;
• 选中项目，右键选择属性–> C/C++目录–> 预处理器–> 与处理器定义：加上_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

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代码

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

// 视口的回调函数
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
// 输入控制
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);

// 设置
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 600;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

// 定义顶点着色器
const char* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;\n"
"out vec3 ourColor;\n"
"uniform mat4 model;\n"
"uniform mat4 view;\n"
"uniform mat4 projection;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);\n"
"   ourColor = aColor;\n"
"}\0";

// 定义片段着色器
const char* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"in vec3 ourColor;"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
"   FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";

int main()
{
    // 实例化GLFW窗口
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    
    // 创建窗口对象
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "lexiaoyuuan", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    // 初始化glad
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 启用深度测试
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    // 定义立方体顶点坐标
    float vertices[] = {
        // 位置            // 颜色
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // A
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // B
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // C
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // D
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // E
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,  // F
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // G
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f   // H
    };

    // 定义立方体顶点索引
    unsigned int indices[] = { // 注意索引从0开始! 
        0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, // 下 ABCD
        1, 2, 5, 2, 6, 5, // 右 BCGF
        4, 5, 7, 5, 6, 7, // 上 EFGH
        0, 3, 4, 3, 7, 4, // 左 ADHE
        0, 1, 5, 5, 4, 0, // 前 ABFE
        3, 2, 6, 6, 7, 3  // 后 DCGH
    };

    // 定义顶点缓冲对象
    unsigned int VBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    // 定义顶点数组对象
    unsigned int VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);

    // 定义索引缓冲对象
    unsigned int EBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);

    // 绑定顶点缓冲对象
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    // 复制顶点数据到缓冲内存
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // 绑定顶点数组对象
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    // 绑定索引缓冲对象
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);


    // 创建顶点着色器对象
    unsigned int vertexShader;
    vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);

    // 附加顶点着色器代码到顶点着色器对象
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);

    // 编译顶点着色器
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    // 确定编译着色器是否成功
    int  success;
    char infoLog[512];
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    // 创建片段着色器对象
    unsigned int fragmentShader;
    fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);

    // 附加片段着色器代码到片段着色器对象
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);

    // 编译片段着色器
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    // 创建一个着色器程序对象
    unsigned int shaderProgram;
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();

    // 把着色器对象附加到程序上
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    // 链接着色器程序
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

    // 确定链接程序是否成功
    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    // 着色器对象链接成功后可以删掉了
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

     解析顶点数据
    //glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
     启用顶点属性
    //glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // 位置属性
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // 颜色属性
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    // 定义视口
    glViewport(0, 0, SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT);

    // 注册回调函数
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    // 渲染循环
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        // 激活着色器程序对象
        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

         绑定顶点数组
        //glBindVertexArray(VAO);

         绘制图元
        //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        // 绑定索引缓冲对象
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);

        // 使用线框模式
        //glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
        // 使用填充模式（默认）
        // glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);

        // 定义模型矩阵
        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime() * glm::radians(50.0f), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

        // 定义观察矩阵
        glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        // 注意，我们将矩阵向我们要进行移动场景的反方向移动。
        view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));

        // 定义投影矩阵
        glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);

        // 检索矩阵的统一位置
        unsigned int modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "model");
        unsigned int viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "view");
        unsigned int projectionLoc = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "projection");
        // 将它们传递给着色器
        glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
        glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);
        glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &projection[0][0]);

        // 更新uniform的值
        /*float timeValue = glfwGetTime();
        float greenValue = (sin(timeValue) / 2.0f) + 0.5f;
        int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "ourColor");
        glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.0f, greenValue, 0.0f, 1.0f);*/

        // 绘制
        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
        //glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // 释放资源
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);

    // 释放之前分配的资源
    glfwTerminate();

    return 0;
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}

运行

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