从零写bootloader--第二阶段启动的实现

说明：第一阶段和第二阶段具体细节未做说明，旨在整个启动流程，即如何自己实现bootloader的整体思维。代码附带贴出，可以参考。

在第一阶段start.s中未完成的工作只剩下main函数。main函数的工作如下：

1、从NandFlash中把内核读入内存

2、设置需要传递的参数

3、跳转执行

第一阶段代码与下面代码一起便可启动内核，具体不在此分析，如不理解，可以参看uboot源码

boot.c（串口的初始化在第一阶段的init.c中）

#include "setup.h"

extern void uart0_init(void);
extern void nand_read(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len);
extern void puts(char *str);
extern void puthex(unsigned int val);


static struct tag *params;

void setup_start_tag(void)
{
	params = (struct tag *)0x30000100;

	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CORE;
	params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_core);

	params->u.core.flags = 0;
	params->u.core.pagesize = 0;
	params->u.core.rootdev = 0;

	params = tag_next (params);
}

void setup_memory_tags(void)
{
	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_MEM;
	params->hdr.size = tag_size (tag_mem32);
	
	params->u.mem.start = 0x30000000;
	params->u.mem.size  = 64*1024*1024;
	
	params = tag_next (params);
}

int strlen(char *str)
{
	int i = 0;
	while (str[i])
	{
		i++;
	}
	return i;
}

void strcpy(char *dest, char *src)
{
	while ((*dest++ = *src++) != '\0');
}

void setup_commandline_tag(char *cmdline)
{
	int len = strlen(cmdline) + 1;
	
	params->hdr.tag  = ATAG_CMDLINE;
	params->hdr.size = (sizeof (struct tag_header) + len + 3) >> 2;

	strcpy (params->u.cmdline.cmdline, cmdline);

	params = tag_next (params);
}

void setup_end_tag(void)
{
	params->hdr.tag = ATAG_NONE;
	params->hdr.size = 0;
}


int main(void)
{
	void (*theKernel)(int zero, int arch, unsigned int params);
	volatile unsigned int *p = (volatile unsigned int *)0x30008000;

	/* 0. 帮内核设置串口: 内核启动的开始部分会从串口打印一些信息,但是内核一开始没有初始化串口 */
	uart0_init();
	
	/* 1. 从NAND FLASH里把内核读入内存 */
	puts("Copy kernel from nand\n\r");
	nand_read(0x60000+64, (unsigned char *)0x30008000, 0x200000);  //uImage = 64字节头部 + zImage，内核存放在0x60000的位置
	puthex(0x1234ABCD);                                            //用作测试     
	puts("\n\r");
	puthex(*p);                                                    //打印出zImage前4字节
	puts("\n\r");

	/* 2. 设置参数 */
	puts("Set boot params\n\r");
	setup_start_tag();
	setup_memory_tags();
	setup_commandline_tag("noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0");
	setup_end_tag();

	/* 3. 跳转执行 */
	puts("Boot kernel\n\r");
	theKernel = (void (*)(int, int, unsigned int))0x30008000;
	theKernel(0, 362, 0x30000100);           //要传递的参数约定放在0x30000100的位置，内核放在0x30008000的位置。中间放参数                   
	/* 
	 *  mov r0, #0
	 *  ldr r1, =362
	 *  ldr r2, =0x30000100
	 *  mov pc, #0x30008000 
	 */

	puts("Error!\n\r");
	/* 如果一切正常, 不会执行到这里 */

	return -1;
}

Makefile

CC      = arm-linux-gcc
LD      = arm-linux-ld
AR      = arm-linux-ar
OBJCOPY = arm-linux-objcopy
OBJDUMP = arm-linux-objdump

CFLAGS 		:= -Wall -O2
CPPFLAGS   	:= -nostdinc -nostdlib -fno-builtin

objs := start.o init.o boot.o

boot.bin: $(objs)
	${LD} -Tboot.lds -o boot.elf $^
	${OBJCOPY} -O binary -S boot.elf $@
	${OBJDUMP} -D -m arm boot.elf > boot.dis
	
%.o:%.c
	${CC} $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

%.o:%.S
	${CC} $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

clean:
	rm -f *.o *.bin *.elf *.dis