Rust 自定义模块、测试模块、命令行参数、读文件

1. 编写一个查找文件内容的例子

1.1 创建工程添加lib.rs

Config是用来解析命令行参数的结构体

use std::error::Error;
use std::fs;

pub struct Config {
    pub query: String,
    pub filename: String,
}

impl Config {
    pub fn new(args: &[String]) -> Result<Config, &'static str> {
        if args.len() < 3 {
            return Err("not enough arguments!");
        }
        let query = args[1].clone();
        let filename = args[2].clone();

        Ok(Config { query, filename })
    }
}

run函数是给外部使用，用来搜索关键字所在行，并输出所在行内容

pub fn run(config: Config) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let contents = fs::read_to_string(config.filename)?;
    for line in search(&config.query, &contents) {
        println!("{}",line);
    }
    Ok(())
}

search是搜索的具体实现方式

pub fn search<'a>(query: &str, content: &'a str) -> Vec<&'a str> {
    let mut results = Vec::new();
    for line in content.lines() {
        if line.contains(query) {
            results.push(line);
        }
    }
    results
}

编写测试模块来测试search函数、命名用命令行cargo test中以扫许测试代码

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn on_result() {
        let query = "duct";
        let contents = "
Rust:
safe, fast, productive.
Pick three.";

        assert_eq!(vec!["safe, fast, productive."], search(query, contents));
    }
}

1.2 main.rs中调用模块方法

导入lib.rs中的Config模块，用env::args().collect()读取命令行参数，传给Config来解析

use std::env;
use std::process;
use minigrep::Config;

fn main() {
    //获得命令行参数: 文件名，参数1，参数2，参数3 ....
    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();

    println!("input param:{:?}", args);

    let config = Config::new(&args).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
        println!("Problem parsing arguments: {}", err);
        process::exit(1);
    });

    if let Err(e) = minigrep::run(config) {
        println!("Application error:{}", e);
    };
}