第4章 复合类型

1.拼接字符串常量

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2.字符串读取行输入的问题

getline（）和get（）的用法：

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3.string类的用法

表示字符串时，char数组不能直接赋值，string类对象可以。string类对象也可以合并。

如： str3 = str1 + str2;   str1 += str2; 示例如下：

// strtype2.cpp -- assigning, adding, and appending #include <iostream> #include <string> // make string class available int main() { using namespace std; string s1 = "penguin"; string s2, s3; cout << "You can assign one string object to another: s2 = s1/n"; s2 = s1; cout << "s1: " << s1 << ", s2: " << s2 << endl; cout << "You can assign a C-style string to a string object./n"; cout << "s2 = /"buzzard/"/n"; s2 = "buzzard"; cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; cout << "You can concatenate strings: s3 = s1 + s2/n"; s3 = s1 + s2; cout << "s3: " << s3 << endl; cout << "You can append strings./n"; s1 += s2; cout <<"s1 += s2 yields s1 = " << s1 << endl; s2 += " for a day"; cout <<"s2 += /" for a day/" yields s2 = " << s2 << endl; return 0; }

 

对于C语言字符串，头文件cstring（以前是string.h）提供了函数操作。下面示例是对用于字符数组的技术和string类对象的技术进行了比较。

// strtype3.cpp -- more string class features #include <iostream> #include <string> // make string class available #include <cstring> // C-style string library int main() { using namespace std; char charr1[20]; char charr2[20] = "jaguar"; string str1; string str2 = "panther"; // assignment for string objects and character arrays str1 = str2; // copy str2 to str2 strcpy(charr1, charr2); // copy charr2 to charr1 // appending for string objects and character arrays str1 += " paste"; // add paste to end of str1 strcat(charr1, " juice"); // add juice to end of charr1 // finding the length of a string object and a C-style string int len1 = str1.size(); // obtain length of str1 int len2 = strlen(charr1); // obtain length of charr1 cout << "The string " << str1 << " contains " << len1 << " characters./n"; cout << "The string " << charr1 << " contains " << len2 << " characters./n"; return 0; }

 

当每次读取一行而不是一个单词的时候，使用的句法和C-风格字符串不一样。示例：

 // strtype4.cpp -- line input #include <iostream> #include <string> // make string class available #include <cstring> // C-style string library int main() { using namespace std; char charr[20]; string str; cout << "Length of string in charr before input: " << strlen(charr) << endl; cout << "Length of string in str before input: " << str.size() << endl; cout << "Enter a line of text:/n"; cin.getline(charr, 20); // indicate maximum length cout << "You entered: " << charr << endl; cout << "Enter another line of text:/n"; getline(cin, str); // cin now an argument; no length specifier cout << "You entered: " << str << endl; cout << "Length of string in charr after input: " << strlen(charr) << endl; cout << "Length of string in str after input: " << str.size() << endl; return 0; }

解释如下：

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4.共用体union的一些用法

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5.枚举

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6.指针的一些内容

虽然指针表示的地址是整数，但是指针和整数之间并不能赋值。

int *pt;

pt= 0xB8000000;   //错误

pt= (int *)0xB8000000; //正确