第6章 分支语句和逻辑操作符

1.字符函数库cctype

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2.break和continue语句

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3.写入到文本文件中

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// outfile.cpp -- writing to a file #include <iostream> #include <fstream> // for file I/O int main() { using namespace std; char automobile[50]; int year; double a_price; double d_price; ofstream outFile; // create object for output outFile.open("carinfo.txt"); // associate with a file cout << "Enter the make and model of automobile: "; cin.getline(automobile, 50); cout << "Enter the model year: "; cin >> year; cout << "Enter the original asking price: "; cin >> a_price; d_price = 0.913 * a_price; // display information on screen with cout cout << fixed; cout.precision(2); cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint); cout << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl; cout << "Year: " << year << endl; cout << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl; cout << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl; // now do exact same things using outFile instead of cout outFile << fixed; outFile.precision(2); outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint); outFile << "Make and model: " << automobile << endl; outFile << "Year: " << year << endl; outFile << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl; outFile << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl; outFile.close(); // done with file return 0; }

在这里，程序运行之前，文件carinfo.txt并不存在。如果之前就存在，默认情况下，open()将首先截断该文件，即将其长度截断到0---丢弃原有的内容，然后将新的输出加入到该文件中。

4.读取文本文件

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#include <iostream> #include <fstream> // file I/O suppport #include <cstdlib> // support for exit() const int SIZE = 60; int main() { using namespace std; char filename[SIZE]; ifstream inFile; // object for handling file input cout << "Enter name of data file: "; cin.getline(filename, SIZE); inFile.open(filename); // associate inFile with a file if (!inFile.is_open()) // failed to open file { cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl; cout << "Program terminating./n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } double value; double sum = 0.0; int count = 0; // number of items read inFile >> value; // get first value while (inFile.good()) // while input good and not at EOF { ++count; // one more item read sum += value; // calculate running total inFile >> value; // get next value } if (inFile.eof()) cout << "End of file reached./n"; else if (inFile.fail()) cout << "Input terminated by data mismatch./n"; else cout << "Input terminated for unknown reason./n"; if (count == 0) cout << "No data processed./n"; else { cout << "Items read: " << count << endl; cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl; cout << "Average: " << sum / count << endl; } inFile.close(); // finished with the file return 0; }

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