1. input框架介绍：
linux input子系统主要分为三层：驱动、输入core、事件处理层。
驱动根据core提供的接口，向上报告发生的动作（input_report_**)。
core根据驱动的类型，分发这个报告给对应的事件处理层处理（input_event——>input_handle_event——>input_pass_event）
事件处理层把数据变化反应到设备模型的文件中（事件缓冲区），并通知这些设备文件上等待的进程。
驱动把输入设备注册到输入子系统，然后子系统调用匹配到的input handler的connect函数，来创建一个具体的设备结点。
一类input handler可以和多个硬件设备相关联，创建多个设备结点（如evdev handler可以创建/dev/input/event0，/dev/input/event1）。一个设备也可以与多个input handler关联，创建多个设备结点（如触摸屏可以创建/dev/input/event2，/dev/input/ts0）。
2. input框架的主要数据结构
struct input_dev {
const char *name;
const char *phys;
const char *uniq;
struct input_id id; //输入设备的设备信息
unsigned long propbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(INPUT_PROP_CNT)];
unsigned long evbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(EV_CNT)]; //设备支持的事件类型
unsigned long keybit[BITS_TO_LONGS(KEY_CNT)];//按键事件支持的子事件
unsigned long relbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(REL_CNT)];//相对坐标事件支持的子事件
unsigned long absbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(ABS_CNT)];//绝对坐标事件支持的子事件
unsigned long mscbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(MSC_CNT)];//其它事件支持的子事件
unsigned long ledbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(LED_CNT)];//LED事件的子事件
unsigned long sndbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(SND_CNT)];//声音事件的子事件
unsigned long ffbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(FF_CNT)];//力反馈事件的子事件
unsigned long swbit[BITS_TO_LONGS(SW_CNT)];//开关事件的子事件
unsigned int hint_events_per_packet;
unsigned int keycodemax;
unsigned int keycodesize;
void *keycode;
int (*setkeycode)(struct input_dev *dev,
const struct input_keymap_entry *ke,
unsigned int *old_keycode);
int (*getkeycode)(struct input_dev *dev,
struct input_keymap_entry *ke);
struct ff_device *ff;
unsigned int repeat_key;//重复按键
struct timer_list timer;//定时器
int rep[REP_CNT];//重复次数
struct input_mt_slot *mt;
int mtsize;
int slot;
int trkid;
struct input_absinfo *absinfo;
unsigned long key[BITS_TO_LONGS(KEY_CNT)];
unsigned long led[BITS_TO_LONGS(LED_CNT)];
unsigned long snd[BITS_TO_LONGS(SND_CNT)];
unsigned long sw[BITS_TO_LONGS(SW_CNT)];
int (*open)(struct input_dev *dev);
void (*close)(struct input_dev *dev);
int (*flush)(struct input_dev *dev, struct file *file);
int (*event)(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value);
struct input_handle __rcu *grab;//指向input_handle
spinlock_t event_lock;
struct mutex mutex;
unsigned int users;
bool going_away;
bool sync;
struct device dev;
struct list_head h_list;//链表头链接该设备关联的input_handle
struct list_head node;//链接到全局input_dev_list
};
struct input_handle {
void *private;
int open;
const char *name;
struct input_dev *dev; //指向input_dev
struct input_handler *handler;//指向input_handler
struct list_head d_node; //通过d_node把input_handler链接到input_dev上的h_list链表头
struct list_head h_node;//通过h_node把input_dev链接到input_handler的h_list链表头
};
struct input_handler {
void *private;
/*处理事件函数接口*/
void (*event)(struct input_handle *handle, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value);
bool (*filter)(struct input_handle *handle, unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value);
bool (*match)(struct input_handler *handler, struct input_dev *dev);
/*建立handler和device的联系*/
int (*connect)(struct input_handler *handler, struct input_dev *dev, const struct input_device_id *id);
void (*disconnect)(struct input_handle *handle);
void (*start)(struct input_handle *handle);
const struct file_operations *fops;
int minor;
const char *name;
const struct input_device_id *id_table; //该handler所支持的input dev id
struct list_head h_list;//链表头,指向它所支持的设备链表
struct list_head node; //链接到全局input_handler_list
};一个input_handler可以关联多个input_dev，每关联一个就通过input_handle的h_node把input_dev链接到input_handler中的h_list链表头，因为input_handle有一个指针指向input_dev。
3. input core层的API
int input_register_device(struct input_dev *dev)
{
static atomic_t input_no = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
struct input_handler *handler;
const char *path;
int error;
/* Every input device generates EV_SYN/SYN_REPORT events. */
__set_bit(EV_SYN, dev->evbit); //每个input_dev都支持EV_SYN事件
/* KEY_RESERVED is not supposed to be transmitted to userspace. */
__clear_bit(KEY_RESERVED, dev->keybit);
/* Make sure that bitmasks not mentioned in dev->evbit are clean. */
input_cleanse_bitmasks(dev);
if (!dev->hint_events_per_packet)
dev->hint_events_per_packet =
input_estimate_events_per_packet(dev);
/*
* If delay and period are pre-set by the driver, then autorepeating
* is handled by the driver itself and we don't do it in input.c.
*/
init_timer(&dev->timer); //为处理重复击键定义的timer
//为自动重复按键定义的
if (!dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && !dev->rep[REP_PERIOD]) {
dev->timer.data = (long) dev;
dev->timer.function = input_repeat_key;
dev->rep[REP_DELAY] = 250;
dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] = 33;
}
//获取键值
if (!dev->getkeycode)
dev->getkeycode = input_default_getkeycode;
if (!dev->setkeycode)
dev->setkeycode = input_default_setkeycode;
dev_set_name(&dev->dev, "input%ld",
(unsigned long) atomic_inc_return(&input_no) - 1);
//注册到设备模型中
error = device_add(&dev->dev);
if (error)
return error;
path = kobject_get_path(&dev->dev.kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
pr_info("%s as %s\n",
dev->name ? dev->name : "Unspecified device",
path ? path : "N/A");
kfree(path);
error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex);
if (error) {
device_del(&dev->dev);
return error;
}
//加入到全局链表
list_add_tail(&dev->node, &input_dev_list);
//对每一个input_handler，执行input_attach_handler
list_for_each_entry(handler, &input_handler_list, node)
input_attach_handler(dev, handler);
input_wakeup_procfs_readers();
mutex_unlock(&input_mutex);
return 0;
}
int input_register_handler(struct input_handler *handler)
{
struct input_dev *dev;
int retval;
retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex);
if (retval)
return retval;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&handler->h_list);
if (handler->fops != NULL) {
if (input_table[handler->minor >> 5]) {
retval = -EBUSY;
goto out;
}
input_table[handler->minor >> 5] = handler; //以input_handler的次设备号右移5位为索引赋值给全局input_table，便于快速查找
}
list_add_tail(&handler->node, &input_handler_list); //插入到全局input_handler_list链表中
list_for_each_entry(dev, &input_dev_list, node)
input_attach_handler(dev, handler); //对每一个input_dev，调用input_attach_handler
input_wakeup_procfs_readers();
out:
mutex_unlock(&input_mutex);
return retval;
}
static int input_attach_handler(struct input_dev *dev, struct input_handler *handler)
{
const struct input_device_id *id;
int error;
id = input_match_device(handler, dev); //input_dev和input_handler之间的匹配
if (!id)
return -ENODEV;
error = handler->connect(handler, dev, id); //调用input_handler的connect建立连接
if (error && error != -ENODEV)
pr_err("failed to attach handler %s to device %s, error: %d\n",
handler->name, kobject_name(&dev->dev.kobj), error);
return error;
}
static int evdev_connect(struct input_handler *handler, struct input_dev *dev,
const struct input_device_id *id)
{
struct evdev *evdev; //evdev结构里面内嵌了input_handle
int minor;
int error;
for (minor = 0; minor < EVDEV_MINORS; minor++)
if (!evdev_table[minor])
break;
if (minor == EVDEV_MINORS) {
pr_err("no more free evdev devices\n");
return -ENFILE;
}
evdev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct evdev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!evdev)
return -ENOMEM;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&evdev->client_list);
spin_lock_init(&evdev->client_lock);
mutex_init(&evdev->mutex);
init_waitqueue_head(&evdev->wait);
dev_set_name(&evdev->dev, "event%d", minor);
evdev->exist = true;
evdev->minor = minor;
evdev->handle.dev = input_get_device(dev);
evdev->handle.name = dev_name(&evdev->dev);
evdev->handle.handler = handler;
evdev->handle.private = evdev;
evdev->dev.devt = MKDEV(INPUT_MAJOR, EVDEV_MINOR_BASE + minor);
evdev->dev.class = &input_class;
evdev->dev.parent = &dev->dev;
evdev->dev.release = evdev_free;
device_initialize(&evdev->dev);
error = input_register_handle(&evdev->handle); //注册input_handle，其实就是建立input_dev和input_handler之间关系
if (error)
goto err_free_evdev;
error = evdev_install_chrdev(evdev);
if (error)
goto err_unregister_handle;
error = device_add(&evdev->dev); //注册到设备模型中
if (error)
goto err_cleanup_evdev;
return 0;
err_cleanup_evdev:
evdev_cleanup(evdev);
err_unregister_handle:
input_unregister_handle(&evdev->handle);
err_free_evdev:
put_device(&evdev->dev);
return error;
}
int input_register_handle(struct input_handle *handle)
{
struct input_handler *handler = handle->handler;
struct input_dev *dev = handle->dev;
int error;
/*
* We take dev->mutex here to prevent race with
* input_release_device().
*/
error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->mutex);
if (error)
return error;
/*
* Filters go to the head of the list, normal handlers
* to the tail.
*/
if (handler->filter)
list_add_rcu(&handle->d_node, &dev->h_list);
else
list_add_tail_rcu(&handle->d_node, &dev->h_list);
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
/*
* Since we are supposed to be called from ->connect()
* which is mutually exclusive with ->disconnect()
* we can't be racing with input_unregister_handle()
* and so separate lock is not needed here.
*/
list_add_tail_rcu(&handle->h_node, &handler->h_list);
if (handler->start)
handler->start(handle);
return 0;
}void input_event(struct input_dev *dev,
unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
unsigned long flags;
if (is_event_supported(type, dev->evbit, EV_MAX)) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->event_lock, flags);
add_input_randomness(type, code, value);
input_handle_event(dev, type, code, value); //直接调用input_handle_event
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->event_lock, flags);
}
}
static void input_handle_event(struct input_dev *dev,
unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
int disposition = INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT;
switch (type) {
case EV_SYN:
switch (code) {
case SYN_CONFIG:
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
break;
case SYN_REPORT:
if (!dev->sync) {
dev->sync = true;
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
}
break;
case SYN_MT_REPORT:
dev->sync = false;
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
break;
}
break;
case EV_KEY:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->keybit, KEY_MAX) &&
!!test_bit(code, dev->key) != value) {
if (value != 2) {
__change_bit(code, dev->key);
if (value)
input_start_autorepeat(dev, code);
else
input_stop_autorepeat(dev);
}
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
}
break;
case EV_SW:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->swbit, SW_MAX) &&
!!test_bit(code, dev->sw) != value) {
__change_bit(code, dev->sw);
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
}
break;
case EV_ABS:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->absbit, ABS_MAX))
disposition = input_handle_abs_event(dev, code, &value);
break;
case EV_REL:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->relbit, REL_MAX) && value)
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
break;
case EV_MSC:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->mscbit, MSC_MAX))
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
break;
case EV_LED:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->ledbit, LED_MAX) &&
!!test_bit(code, dev->led) != value) {
__change_bit(code, dev->led);
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
}
break;
case EV_SND:
if (is_event_supported(code, dev->sndbit, SND_MAX)) {
if (!!test_bit(code, dev->snd) != !!value)
__change_bit(code, dev->snd);
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
}
break;
case EV_REP:
if (code <= REP_MAX && value >= 0 && dev->rep[code] != value) {
dev->rep[code] = value;
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
}
break;
case EV_FF:
if (value >= 0)
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
break;
case EV_PWR:
disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
break;
}
if (disposition != INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT && type != EV_SYN)
dev->sync = false;
if ((disposition & INPUT_PASS_TO_DEVICE) && dev->event)
dev->event(dev, type, code, value);
if (disposition & INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS) //如果需要处理，调用input_pass_event
input_pass_event(dev, type, code, value);
}
static void input_pass_event(struct input_dev *dev,
unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
struct input_handler *handler;
struct input_handle *handle;
rcu_read_lock();
handle = rcu_dereference(dev->grab); //强制为dev赋的handler
if (handle)
handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value);
else {
bool filtered = false;
//如果没有为grab赋值，就会遍历该dev的handle链表
list_for_each_entry_rcu(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node) {
if (!handle->open)
continue;
//如果handle打开，表示该设备已经被一个用户进程使用
handler = handle->handler;
if (!handler->filter) {
if (filtered)
break;
handler->event(handle, type, code, value); //调用event函数
} else if (handler->filter(handle, type, code, value))
filtered = true;
}
}
rcu_read_unlock();
}
static int __init evdev_init(void)
{
return input_register_handler(&evdev_handler);
}
static struct input_handler evdev_handler = {
.event = evdev_event,
.connect = evdev_connect,
.disconnect = evdev_disconnect,
.fops = &evdev_fops,
.minor = EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,
.name = "evdev",
.id_table = evdev_ids,
};
static const struct file_operations evdev_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = evdev_read,
.write = evdev_write,
.poll = evdev_poll,
.open = evdev_open,
.release = evdev_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = evdev_ioctl,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
.compat_ioctl = evdev_ioctl_compat,
#endif
.fasync = evdev_fasync,
.flush = evdev_flush,
.llseek = no_llseek,
};
struct evdev {
int open;
int minor;
struct input_handle handle; //所属的input_handler
wait_queue_head_t wait; //等待队列头
struct evdev_client __rcu *grab;
struct list_head client_list; //evdev_client链表头
spinlock_t client_lock; /* protects client_list */
struct mutex mutex;
struct device dev;
bool exist;
};
struct evdev_client {
unsigned int head; //针对buffer的索引
unsigned int tail; //针对buffer的索引
unsigned int packet_head; /* [future] position of the first element of next packet */
spinlock_t buffer_lock; /* protects access to buffer, head and tail */
struct fasync_struct *fasync; //异步通知
struct evdev *evdev; //evdev设备
struct list_head node; //evdev_client链表项
unsigned int bufsize;
struct input_event buffer[]; //事件缓冲
};对主设备号为INPUT_MAJOR的设备节点进行操作，会转换为对input_handler的操作。该过程在input_open_file中。直接看evdev_open
static int evdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct evdev *evdev;
struct evdev_client *client;
int i = iminor(inode) - EVDEV_MINOR_BASE;
unsigned int bufsize;
int error;
if (i >= EVDEV_MINORS)
return -ENODEV;
error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev_table_mutex);
if (error)
return error;
evdev = evdev_table[i];
if (evdev)
get_device(&evdev->dev);
mutex_unlock(&evdev_table_mutex);
if (!evdev)
return -ENODEV;
bufsize = evdev_compute_buffer_size(evdev->handle.dev);
//分配evdev_client和事件缓冲
client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct evdev_client) +
bufsize * sizeof(struct input_event),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!client) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto err_put_evdev;
}
client->bufsize = bufsize;
spin_lock_init(&client->buffer_lock);
client->evdev = evdev;
evdev_attach_client(evdev, client);
error = evdev_open_device(evdev); //调用真正的底层设备函数
if (error)
goto err_free_client;
file->private_data = client;
nonseekable_open(inode, file);
return 0;
err_free_client:
evdev_detach_client(evdev, client);
kfree(client);
err_put_evdev:
put_device(&evdev->dev);
return error;
}
static int evdev_open_device(struct evdev *evdev)
{
int retval;
retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev->mutex);
if (retval)
return retval;
if (!evdev->exist)
retval = -ENODEV;
else if (!evdev->open++) {
retval = input_open_device(&evdev->handle); //第一次打开，调用input_open_device
if (retval)
evdev->open--;
}
mutex_unlock(&evdev->mutex);
return retval;
}
int input_open_device(struct input_handle *handle)
{
struct input_dev *dev = handle->dev;
int retval;
retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->mutex);
if (retval)
return retval;
if (dev->going_away) {
retval = -ENODEV;
goto out;
}
handle->open++; //递增handle的打开计数
if (!dev->users++ && dev->open)
retval = dev->open(dev); //如果是第一次打开，调用input_dev的open函数
if (retval) {
dev->users--;
if (!--handle->open) {
/*
* Make sure we are not delivering any more events
* through this handle
*/
synchronize_rcu();
}
}
out:
mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
return retval;
}可以看到open操作，先是在input core层，再进入input handler层，后面又进入input core层，最后进入input dev的驱动层。内核中这种偷梁换柱的操作很多。
再来看下evdev_event
static void evdev_event(struct input_handle *handle,
unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
struct evdev *evdev = handle->private;
struct evdev_client *client;
struct input_event event;
do_gettimeofday(&event.time);
event.type = type;
event.code = code;
event.value = value;
rcu_read_lock();
client = rcu_dereference(evdev->grab);
if (client)
evdev_pass_event(client, &event);
else
//遍历client链表，调用evdev_pass_event
list_for_each_entry_rcu(client, &evdev->client_list, node)
evdev_pass_event(client, &event);
rcu_read_unlock();
if (type == EV_SYN && code == SYN_REPORT)
wake_up_interruptible(&evdev->wait);
}
static void evdev_pass_event(struct evdev_client *client,
struct input_event *event)
{
/* Interrupts are disabled, just acquire the lock. */
spin_lock(&client->buffer_lock);
client->buffer[client->head++] = *event;
client->head &= client->bufsize - 1;
if (unlikely(client->head == client->tail)) {
/*
* This effectively "drops" all unconsumed events, leaving
* EV_SYN/SYN_DROPPED plus the newest event in the queue.
*/
client->tail = (client->head - 2) & (client->bufsize - 1);
client->buffer[client->tail].time = event->time;
client->buffer[client->tail].type = EV_SYN;
client->buffer[client->tail].code = SYN_DROPPED;
client->buffer[client->tail].value = 0;
client->packet_head = client->tail;
}
if (event->type == EV_SYN && event->code == SYN_REPORT) {
client->packet_head = client->head;
kill_fasync(&client->fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}
spin_unlock(&client->buffer_lock);
}总结一下事件的传递过程：首先在驱动层中，调用inport_report_abs，然后他调用了input core层的input_event，input_event调用了input_handle_event对事件进行分派，调用input_pass_event，在这里他会把事件传递给具体的handler层，然后在相应handler的event处理函数中，封装一个event，然后把它投入evdev的那个client_list上的client的事件buffer中，等待用户空间来读取。
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