USB驱动框架分析2

本文先分析OHCI的usb主机驱动控制器驱动，root hub这个usb_device的创建过程，读取配置描述符过程，设置配置，然后添加接口到系统。

1. 先看下数据结构

struct ohci_hcd {
	spinlock_t		lock;

	/*
	 * I/O memory used to communicate with the HC (dma-consistent)
	 */
	struct ohci_regs __iomem *regs;	//与主机控制器通信的IO内存

	/*
	 * main memory used to communicate with the HC (dma-consistent).
	 * hcd adds to schedule for a live hc any time, but removals finish
	 * only at the start of the next frame.
	 */
	struct ohci_hcca	*hcca;
	dma_addr_t		hcca_dma;

	struct ed		*ed_rm_list;		/* to be removed */	//指向被移除的OHCI端点

	struct ed		*ed_bulktail;		/* last in bulk list */	//批量队列尾
	struct ed		*ed_controltail;	/* last in ctrl list */	//控制队列尾
	struct ed		*periodic [NUM_INTS];	/* shadow int_table */

	/*
	 * OTG controllers and transceivers need software interaction;
	 * other external transceivers should be software-transparent
	 */
	struct otg_transceiver	*transceiver;
	void (*start_hnp)(struct ohci_hcd *ohci);

	/*
	 * memory management for queue data structures
	 */
	struct dma_pool		*td_cache;	
	struct dma_pool		*ed_cache;
	struct td		*td_hash [TD_HASH_SIZE];
	struct list_head	pending;

	/*
	 * driver state
	 */
	int			num_ports;
	int			load [NUM_INTS];
	u32			hc_control;	/* copy of hc control reg */
	unsigned long		next_statechange;	/* suspend/resume */
	u32			fminterval;		/* saved register */
	unsigned		autostop:1;	/* rh auto stopping/stopped */

	unsigned long		flags;		/* for HC bugs */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_AMD756	0x01			/* erratum #4 */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_SUPERIO	0x02			/* natsemi */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_INITRESET	0x04			/* SiS, OPTi, ... */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_BE_DESC	0x08			/* BE descriptors */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_BE_MMIO	0x10			/* BE registers */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_ZFMICRO	0x20			/* Compaq ZFMicro chipset*/
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_NEC		0x40			/* lost interrupts */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_FRAME_NO	0x80			/* no big endian frame_no shift */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_HUB_POWER	0x100			/* distrust firmware power/oc setup */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_AMD_PLL	0x200			/* AMD PLL quirk*/
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_AMD_PREFETCH	0x400			/* pre-fetch for ISO transfer */
#define	OHCI_QUIRK_SHUTDOWN	0x800			/* nVidia power bug */
	// there are also chip quirks/bugs in init logic

	struct work_struct	nec_work;	/* Worker for NEC quirk */

	/* Needed for ZF Micro quirk */
	struct timer_list	unlink_watchdog;
	unsigned		eds_scheduled;
	struct ed		*ed_to_check;
	unsigned		zf_delay;

#ifdef DEBUG
	struct dentry		*debug_dir;
	struct dentry		*debug_async;
	struct dentry		*debug_periodic;
	struct dentry		*debug_registers;
#endif
};

直接看ohci_hcd_s3c2410_drv_probe

static int usb_hcd_s3c2410_probe(const struct hc_driver *driver,
				  struct platform_device *dev)
{
	struct usb_hcd *hcd = NULL;
	int retval;

	s3c2410_usb_set_power(dev->dev.platform_data, 1, 1);	//配置端口1电源
	s3c2410_usb_set_power(dev->dev.platform_data, 2, 1);	//配置端口2电源

	hcd = usb_create_hcd(driver, &dev->dev, "s3c24xx");		//创建主机控制器
	if (hcd == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	hcd->rsrc_start = dev->resource[0].start;	//io资源的开始地址
	hcd->rsrc_len	= resource_size(&dev->resource[0]);	//io资源的长度

	if (!request_mem_region(hcd->rsrc_start, hcd->rsrc_len, hcd_name)) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "request_mem_region failed\n");
		retval = -EBUSY;
		goto err_put;
	}

	clk = clk_get(&dev->dev, "usb-host");	//获取时钟信息
	if (IS_ERR(clk)) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "cannot get usb-host clock\n");
		retval = PTR_ERR(clk);
		goto err_mem;
	}

	usb_clk = clk_get(&dev->dev, "usb-bus-host");
	if (IS_ERR(usb_clk)) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "cannot get usb-bus-host clock\n");
		retval = PTR_ERR(usb_clk);
		goto err_clk;
	}

	s3c2410_start_hc(dev, hcd);
	//将IO地址空间映射到内存的虚拟地址空间
	hcd->regs = ioremap(hcd->rsrc_start, hcd->rsrc_len);
	if (!hcd->regs) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "ioremap failed\n");
		retval = -ENOMEM;
		goto err_ioremap;
	}

	ohci_hcd_init(hcd_to_ohci(hcd));	//初始化主机控制器

	retval = usb_add_hcd(hcd, dev->resource[1].start, IRQF_DISABLED);	//主机控制器的注册
	if (retval != 0)
		goto err_ioremap;

	return 0;

 err_ioremap:
	s3c2410_stop_hc(dev);
	iounmap(hcd->regs);
	clk_put(usb_clk);

 err_clk:
	clk_put(clk);

 err_mem:
	release_mem_region(hcd->rsrc_start, hcd->rsrc_len);

 err_put:
	usb_put_hcd(hcd);
	return retval;
}

可以看到主要有两个core层的api接口usb_create_hcd和usb_add_hcd

struct usb_hcd *usb_create_shared_hcd(const struct hc_driver *driver,
		struct device *dev, const char *bus_name,
		struct usb_hcd *primary_hcd)
{
	struct usb_hcd *hcd;

	hcd = kzalloc(sizeof(*hcd) + driver->hcd_priv_size, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!hcd) {
		dev_dbg (dev, "hcd alloc failed\n");
		return NULL;
	}
	if (primary_hcd == NULL) {
		hcd->bandwidth_mutex = kmalloc(sizeof(*hcd->bandwidth_mutex),
				GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!hcd->bandwidth_mutex) {
			kfree(hcd);
			dev_dbg(dev, "hcd bandwidth mutex alloc failed\n");
			return NULL;
		}
		mutex_init(hcd->bandwidth_mutex);
		dev_set_drvdata(dev, hcd);
	} else {
		hcd->bandwidth_mutex = primary_hcd->bandwidth_mutex;
		hcd->primary_hcd = primary_hcd;
		primary_hcd->primary_hcd = primary_hcd;
		hcd->shared_hcd = primary_hcd;
		primary_hcd->shared_hcd = hcd;
	}

	kref_init(&hcd->kref);

	usb_bus_init(&hcd->self);
	hcd->self.controller = dev;
	hcd->self.bus_name = bus_name;
	hcd->self.uses_dma = (dev->dma_mask != NULL);

	init_timer(&hcd->rh_timer);
	hcd->rh_timer.function = rh_timer_func;
	hcd->rh_timer.data = (unsigned long) hcd;
#ifdef CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND
	INIT_WORK(&hcd->wakeup_work, hcd_resume_work);
#endif

	hcd->driver = driver;
	hcd->speed = driver->flags & HCD_MASK;
	hcd->product_desc = (driver->product_desc) ? driver->product_desc :
			"USB Host Controller";
	return hcd;
}

int usb_add_hcd(struct usb_hcd *hcd,
		unsigned int irqnum, unsigned long irqflags)
{
	int retval;
	struct usb_device *rhdev;

	dev_info(hcd->self.controller, "%s\n", hcd->product_desc);

	/* Keep old behaviour if authorized_default is not in [0, 1]. */
	if (authorized_default < 0 || authorized_default > 1)
		hcd->authorized_default = hcd->wireless? 0 : 1;
	else
		hcd->authorized_default = authorized_default;
	set_bit(HCD_FLAG_HW_ACCESSIBLE, &hcd->flags);

	/* HC is in reset state, but accessible.  Now do the one-time init,
	 * bottom up so that hcds can customize the root hubs before khubd
	 * starts talking to them.  (Note, bus id is assigned early too.)
	 */
	if ((retval = hcd_buffer_create(hcd)) != 0) {	//初始化一个buffer池
		dev_dbg(hcd->self.controller, "pool alloc failed\n");
		return retval;
	}

	if ((retval = usb_register_bus(&hcd->self)) < 0)	//注册此总线
		goto err_register_bus;

	if ((rhdev = usb_alloc_dev(NULL, &hcd->self, 0)) == NULL) {		//分配usb_device结构
		dev_err(hcd->self.controller, "unable to allocate root hub\n");
		retval = -ENOMEM;
		goto err_allocate_root_hub;
	}
	hcd->self.root_hub = rhdev;

	switch (hcd->speed) {
	case HCD_USB11:
		rhdev->speed = USB_SPEED_FULL;
		break;
	case HCD_USB2:
		rhdev->speed = USB_SPEED_HIGH;
		break;
	case HCD_USB3:
		rhdev->speed = USB_SPEED_SUPER;
		break;
	default:
		retval = -EINVAL;
		goto err_set_rh_speed;
	}

	/* wakeup flag init defaults to "everything works" for root hubs,
	 * but drivers can override it in reset() if needed, along with
	 * recording the overall controller's system wakeup capability.
	 */
	device_init_wakeup(&rhdev->dev, 1);

	/* HCD_FLAG_RH_RUNNING doesn't matter until the root hub is
	 * registered.  But since the controller can die at any time,
	 * let's initialize the flag before touching the hardware.
	 */
	set_bit(HCD_FLAG_RH_RUNNING, &hcd->flags);

	/* "reset" is misnamed; its role is now one-time init. the controller
	 * should already have been reset (and boot firmware kicked off etc).
	 */
	//如果有reset函数就调用
	if (hcd->driver->reset && (retval = hcd->driver->reset(hcd)) < 0) {
		dev_err(hcd->self.controller, "can't setup\n");
		goto err_hcd_driver_setup;
	}
	hcd->rh_pollable = 1;

	/* NOTE: root hub and controller capabilities may not be the same */
	if (device_can_wakeup(hcd->self.controller)
			&& device_can_wakeup(&hcd->self.root_hub->dev))
		dev_dbg(hcd->self.controller, "supports USB remote wakeup\n");

	/* enable irqs just before we start the controller */
	if (usb_hcd_is_primary_hcd(hcd)) {
		retval = usb_hcd_request_irqs(hcd, irqnum, irqflags);
		if (retval)
			goto err_request_irq;
	}

	hcd->state = HC_STATE_RUNNING;
	retval = hcd->driver->start(hcd);
	if (retval < 0) {
		dev_err(hcd->self.controller, "startup error %d\n", retval);
		goto err_hcd_driver_start;
	}

	/* starting here, usbcore will pay attention to this root hub */
	rhdev->bus_mA = min(500u, hcd->power_budget);
	if ((retval = register_root_hub(hcd)) != 0)		//注册此root  hub
		goto err_register_root_hub;

	retval = sysfs_create_group(&rhdev->dev.kobj, &usb_bus_attr_group);
	if (retval < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot register USB bus sysfs attributes: %d\n",
		       retval);
		goto error_create_attr_group;
	}
	if (hcd->uses_new_polling && HCD_POLL_RH(hcd))
		usb_hcd_poll_rh_status(hcd);
	return retval;

error_create_attr_group:
	clear_bit(HCD_FLAG_RH_RUNNING, &hcd->flags);
	if (HC_IS_RUNNING(hcd->state))
		hcd->state = HC_STATE_QUIESCING;
	spin_lock_irq(&hcd_root_hub_lock);
	hcd->rh_registered = 0;
	spin_unlock_irq(&hcd_root_hub_lock);

#ifdef CONFIG_USB_SUSPEND
	cancel_work_sync(&hcd->wakeup_work);
#endif
	mutex_lock(&usb_bus_list_lock);
	usb_disconnect(&rhdev);		/* Sets rhdev to NULL */
	mutex_unlock(&usb_bus_list_lock);
err_register_root_hub:
	hcd->rh_pollable = 0;
	clear_bit(HCD_FLAG_POLL_RH, &hcd->flags);
	del_timer_sync(&hcd->rh_timer);
	hcd->driver->stop(hcd);
	hcd->state = HC_STATE_HALT;
	clear_bit(HCD_FLAG_POLL_RH, &hcd->flags);
	del_timer_sync(&hcd->rh_timer);
err_hcd_driver_start:
	if (usb_hcd_is_primary_hcd(hcd) && hcd->irq >= 0)
		free_irq(irqnum, hcd);
err_request_irq:
err_hcd_driver_setup:
err_set_rh_speed:
	usb_put_dev(hcd->self.root_hub);
err_allocate_root_hub:
	usb_deregister_bus(&hcd->self);
err_register_bus:
	hcd_buffer_destroy(hcd);
	return retval;
} 

static int register_root_hub(struct usb_hcd *hcd)
{
	struct device *parent_dev = hcd->self.controller;
	struct usb_device *usb_dev = hcd->self.root_hub;
	const int devnum = 1;
	int retval;

	usb_dev->devnum = devnum;
	usb_dev->bus->devnum_next = devnum + 1;
	memset (&usb_dev->bus->devmap.devicemap, 0,
			sizeof usb_dev->bus->devmap.devicemap);
	set_bit (devnum, usb_dev->bus->devmap.devicemap);
	usb_set_device_state(usb_dev, USB_STATE_ADDRESS);	//设置usb_device的状态

	mutex_lock(&usb_bus_list_lock);

	usb_dev->ep0.desc.wMaxPacketSize = cpu_to_le16(64);
	retval = usb_get_device_descriptor(usb_dev, USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE);	//获取设备描述符
	if (retval != sizeof usb_dev->descriptor) {
		mutex_unlock(&usb_bus_list_lock);
		dev_dbg (parent_dev, "can't read %s device descriptor %d\n",
				dev_name(&usb_dev->dev), retval);
		return (retval < 0) ? retval : -EMSGSIZE;
	}

	retval = usb_new_device (usb_dev);	//注册此usb_device
	if (retval) {
		dev_err (parent_dev, "can't register root hub for %s, %d\n",
				dev_name(&usb_dev->dev), retval);
	}
	mutex_unlock(&usb_bus_list_lock);

	if (retval == 0) {
		spin_lock_irq (&hcd_root_hub_lock);
		hcd->rh_registered = 1;
		spin_unlock_irq (&hcd_root_hub_lock);

		/* Did the HC die before the root hub was registered? */
		if (HCD_DEAD(hcd))
			usb_hc_died (hcd);	/* This time clean up */
	}

	return retval;
}

int usb_get_device_descriptor(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int size)
{
	struct usb_device_descriptor *desc;
	int ret;

	if (size > sizeof(*desc))
		return -EINVAL;
	desc = kmalloc(sizeof(*desc), GFP_NOIO);
	if (!desc)
		return -ENOMEM;

	ret = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_DEVICE, 0, desc, size);
	if (ret >= 0)
		memcpy(&dev->descriptor, desc, size);
	kfree(desc);
	return ret;
}
int usb_get_descriptor(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned char type,
		       unsigned char index, void *buf, int size)
{
	int i;
	int result;

	memset(buf, 0, size);	/* Make sure we parse really received data */

	for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
		/* retry on length 0 or error; some devices are flakey */
		result = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0),
				USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR, USB_DIR_IN,
				(type << 8) + index, 0, buf, size,
				USB_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT);
		if (result <= 0 && result != -ETIMEDOUT)
			continue;
		if (result > 1 && ((u8 *)buf)[1] != type) {
			result = -ENODATA;
			continue;
		}
		break;
	}
	return result;
}

再来看下如何才能获取设备描述符

int usb_control_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe, __u8 request,
		    __u8 requesttype, __u16 value, __u16 index, void *data,
		    __u16 size, int timeout)
{
	struct usb_ctrlrequest *dr;
	int ret;

	dr = kmalloc(sizeof(struct usb_ctrlrequest), GFP_NOIO);
	if (!dr)
		return -ENOMEM;

	dr->bRequestType = requesttype;
	dr->bRequest = request;
	dr->wValue = cpu_to_le16(value);
	dr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(index);
	dr->wLength = cpu_to_le16(size);

	/* dbg("usb_control_msg"); */

	ret = usb_internal_control_msg(dev, pipe, dr, data, size, timeout);

	kfree(dr);

	return ret;
}
static int usb_internal_control_msg(struct usb_device *usb_dev,
				    unsigned int pipe,
				    struct usb_ctrlrequest *cmd,
				    void *data, int len, int timeout)
{
	struct urb *urb;
	int retv;
	int length;

	urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_NOIO);
	if (!urb)
		return -ENOMEM;

	usb_fill_control_urb(urb, usb_dev, pipe, (unsigned char *)cmd, data,
			     len, usb_api_blocking_completion, NULL);

	retv = usb_start_wait_urb(urb, timeout, &length);
	if (retv < 0)
		return retv;
	else
		return length;
}

usb_internal_control_msg是一个比较重要的函数，此函数主要有3个过程

(1)分配urb结构

(2)填充此urb结构

(3)将urb结构提交到主机控制器。

usb_start_wait_urb

usb_submit_urb

usb_pipe_endpoint

usb_hcd_submit_urb

rh_urb_enqueue(hcd, urb) //root hub的urb处理

rh_call_control

hcd->driver->hub_control

ohci_s3c2410_hub_control

hcd->driver->urb_enqueue(hcd, urb, mem_flags) //非root  hub的urb处理

wait_for_completion_timeout

获取到设备描述符后，就调用usb_new_device函数，此函数读取并解析设备描述符后就调用device_add添加到linux设备模型中，会触发设备的匹配(usb_device_match)。因为它是usb_device会匹配到唯一的usb_device_driver。generic_probe会被调用。

int usb_new_device(struct usb_device *udev)
{
	int err;

	if (udev->parent) {
		/* Initialize non-root-hub device wakeup to disabled;
		 * device (un)configuration controls wakeup capable
		 * sysfs power/wakeup controls wakeup enabled/disabled
		 */
		device_init_wakeup(&udev->dev, 0);
	}

	/* Tell the runtime-PM framework the device is active */
	pm_runtime_set_active(&udev->dev);
	pm_runtime_get_noresume(&udev->dev);
	pm_runtime_use_autosuspend(&udev->dev);
	pm_runtime_enable(&udev->dev);

	/* By default, forbid autosuspend for all devices.  It will be
	 * allowed for hubs during binding.
	 */
	usb_disable_autosuspend(udev);

	err = usb_enumerate_device(udev);	/* Read descriptors */	//读取并解析设备描述符
	if (err < 0)
		goto fail;
	dev_dbg(&udev->dev, "udev %d, busnum %d, minor = %d\n",
			udev->devnum, udev->bus->busnum,
			(((udev->bus->busnum-1) * 128) + (udev->devnum-1)));
	/* export the usbdev device-node for libusb */
	udev->dev.devt = MKDEV(USB_DEVICE_MAJOR,
			(((udev->bus->busnum-1) * 128) + (udev->devnum-1)));

	/* Tell the world! */
	announce_device(udev);	//把此usb_device结构的信息打印出来

	device_enable_async_suspend(&udev->dev);
	/* Register the device.  The device driver is responsible
	 * for configuring the device and invoking the add-device
	 * notifier chain (used by usbfs and possibly others).
	 */
	err = device_add(&udev->dev);	//添加到linux设备模型，会触发匹配usb_device_match
	if (err) {
		dev_err(&udev->dev, "can't device_add, error %d\n", err);
		goto fail;
	}

	(void) usb_create_ep_devs(&udev->dev, &udev->ep0, udev);	//创建端点设备
	usb_mark_last_busy(udev);
	pm_runtime_put_sync_autosuspend(&udev->dev);
	return err;

fail:
	usb_set_device_state(udev, USB_STATE_NOTATTACHED);
	pm_runtime_disable(&udev->dev);
	pm_runtime_set_suspended(&udev->dev);
	return err;
}

static int usb_device_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
	/* devices and interfaces are handled separately */
	if (is_usb_device(dev)) {	//针对usb设备

		/* interface drivers never match devices */
		if (!is_usb_device_driver(drv))
			return 0;

		/* TODO: Add real matching code */
		return 1;

	} else if (is_usb_interface(dev)) {		//针对usb接口
		struct usb_interface *intf;
		struct usb_driver *usb_drv;
		const struct usb_device_id *id;

		/* device drivers never match interfaces */
		if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))
			return 0;

		intf = to_usb_interface(dev);
		usb_drv = to_usb_driver(drv);

		id = usb_match_id(intf, usb_drv->id_table);
		if (id)
			return 1;

		id = usb_match_dynamic_id(intf, usb_drv);
		if (id)
			return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int generic_probe(struct usb_device *udev)
{
	int err, c;

	/* Choose and set the configuration.  This registers the interfaces
	 * with the driver core and lets interface drivers bind to them.
	 */
	if (usb_device_is_owned(udev))
		;		/* Don't configure if the device is owned */
	else if (udev->authorized == 0)
		dev_err(&udev->dev, "Device is not authorized for usage\n");
	else {
		c = usb_choose_configuration(udev);	//选取一个配置
		if (c >= 0) {
			err = usb_set_configuration(udev, c);	//设置配置，并注册interfrace
			if (err) {
				dev_err(&udev->dev, "can't set config #%d, error %d\n",
					c, err);
				/* This need not be fatal.  The user can try to
				 * set other configurations. */
			}
		}
	}
	/* USB device state == configured ... usable */
	usb_notify_add_device(udev);

	return 0;
}

int usb_set_configuration(struct usb_device *dev, int configuration)
{
	int i, ret;
	struct usb_host_config *cp = NULL;
	struct usb_interface **new_interfaces = NULL;
	struct usb_hcd *hcd = bus_to_hcd(dev->bus);
	int n, nintf;

	if (dev->authorized == 0 || configuration == -1)
		configuration = 0;
	else {
		for (i = 0; i < dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; i++) {
			if (dev->config[i].desc.bConfigurationValue ==
					configuration) {
				cp = &dev->config[i];	//取得索引号为configuration的配置结构体
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if ((!cp && configuration != 0))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* The USB spec says configuration 0 means unconfigured.
	 * But if a device includes a configuration numbered 0,
	 * we will accept it as a correctly configured state.
	 * Use -1 if you really want to unconfigure the device.
	 */
	if (cp && configuration == 0)
		dev_warn(&dev->dev, "config 0 descriptor??\n");

	/* Allocate memory for new interfaces before doing anything else,
	 * so that if we run out then nothing will have changed. */
	n = nintf = 0;
	if (cp) {	//分配bNumInterfaces个接口结构
		nintf = cp->desc.bNumInterfaces;
		new_interfaces = kmalloc(nintf * sizeof(*new_interfaces),
				GFP_NOIO);
		if (!new_interfaces) {
			dev_err(&dev->dev, "Out of memory\n");
			return -ENOMEM;
		}

		for (; n < nintf; ++n) {
			new_interfaces[n] = kzalloc(
					sizeof(struct usb_interface),
					GFP_NOIO);
			if (!new_interfaces[n]) {
				dev_err(&dev->dev, "Out of memory\n");
				ret = -ENOMEM;
free_interfaces:
				while (--n >= 0)
					kfree(new_interfaces[n]);
				kfree(new_interfaces);
				return ret;
			}
		}

		i = dev->bus_mA - cp->desc.bMaxPower * 2;
		if (i < 0)
			dev_warn(&dev->dev, "new config #%d exceeds power "
					"limit by %dmA\n",
					configuration, -i);
	}

	/* Wake up the device so we can send it the Set-Config request */
	ret = usb_autoresume_device(dev);
	if (ret)
		goto free_interfaces;

	/* if it's already configured, clear out old state first.
	 * getting rid of old interfaces means unbinding their drivers.
	 */
	mutex_lock(hcd->bandwidth_mutex);
	if (dev->state != USB_STATE_ADDRESS)
		usb_disable_device(dev, 1);	/* Skip ep0 */

	/* Get rid of pending async Set-Config requests for this device */
	cancel_async_set_config(dev);

	/* Make sure we have bandwidth (and available HCD resources) for this
	 * configuration.  Remove endpoints from the schedule if we're dropping
	 * this configuration to set configuration 0.  After this point, the
	 * host controller will not allow submissions to dropped endpoints.  If
	 * this call fails, the device state is unchanged.
	 */
	ret = usb_hcd_alloc_bandwidth(dev, cp, NULL, NULL);
	if (ret < 0) {
		mutex_unlock(hcd->bandwidth_mutex);
		usb_autosuspend_device(dev);
		goto free_interfaces;
	}
	//发送USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION的urb信息来设置设备的配置
	ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
			      USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION, 0, configuration, 0,
			      NULL, 0, USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT);
	if (ret < 0) {
		/* All the old state is gone, so what else can we do?
		 * The device is probably useless now anyway.
		 */
		cp = NULL;
	}

	dev->actconfig = cp;
	if (!cp) {
		usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_ADDRESS);
		usb_hcd_alloc_bandwidth(dev, NULL, NULL, NULL);
		mutex_unlock(hcd->bandwidth_mutex);
		usb_autosuspend_device(dev);
		goto free_interfaces;
	}
	mutex_unlock(hcd->bandwidth_mutex);
	usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_CONFIGURED);

	/* Initialize the new interface structures and the
	 * hc/hcd/usbcore interface/endpoint state.
	 */
	//初始化各个usb_interface
	for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {
		struct usb_interface_cache *intfc;
		struct usb_interface *intf;
		struct usb_host_interface *alt;

		cp->interface[i] = intf = new_interfaces[i];
		intfc = cp->intf_cache[i];
		intf->altsetting = intfc->altsetting;
		intf->num_altsetting = intfc->num_altsetting;
		intf->intf_assoc = find_iad(dev, cp, i);
		kref_get(&intfc->ref);

		alt = usb_altnum_to_altsetting(intf, 0);

		/* No altsetting 0?  We'll assume the first altsetting.
		 * We could use a GetInterface call, but if a device is
		 * so non-compliant that it doesn't have altsetting 0
		 * then I wouldn't trust its reply anyway.
		 */
		if (!alt)
			alt = &intf->altsetting[0];

		intf->cur_altsetting = alt;
		usb_enable_interface(dev, intf, true);
		intf->dev.parent = &dev->dev;
		intf->dev.driver = NULL;
		intf->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;
		intf->dev.type = &usb_if_device_type;
		intf->dev.groups = usb_interface_groups;
		intf->dev.dma_mask = dev->dev.dma_mask;
		INIT_WORK(&intf->reset_ws, __usb_queue_reset_device);
		intf->minor = -1;
		device_initialize(&intf->dev);
		pm_runtime_no_callbacks(&intf->dev);
		dev_set_name(&intf->dev, "%d-%s:%d.%d",
			dev->bus->busnum, dev->devpath,
			configuration, alt->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
	}
	kfree(new_interfaces);

	if (cp->string == NULL &&
			!(dev->quirks & USB_QUIRK_CONFIG_INTF_STRINGS))
		cp->string = usb_cache_string(dev, cp->desc.iConfiguration);

	/* Now that all the interfaces are set up, register them
	 * to trigger binding of drivers to interfaces.  probe()
	 * routines may install different altsettings and may
	 * claim() any interfaces not yet bound.  Many class drivers
	 * need that: CDC, audio, video, etc.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {
		struct usb_interface *intf = cp->interface[i];

		dev_dbg(&dev->dev,
			"adding %s (config #%d, interface %d)\n",
			dev_name(&intf->dev), configuration,
			intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
		device_enable_async_suspend(&intf->dev);
		ret = device_add(&intf->dev);	//将接口的dev添加到系统，将触发接口设备和接口驱动的match
		if (ret != 0) {
			dev_err(&dev->dev, "device_add(%s) --> %d\n",
				dev_name(&intf->dev), ret);
			continue;
		}
		create_intf_ep_devs(intf);
	}

	usb_autosuspend_device(dev);
	return 0;
}