39. Combination Sum

Given a set of candidate numbers (candidates) (without duplicates) and a target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the candidate numbers sums to target.

The same repeated number may be chosen from candidates unlimited number of times.

Note:

• All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

Example 1:

Input: candidates = [2,3,6,7], target = 7,
A solution set is:
[
  [7],
  [2,2,3]
]

Example 2:

Input: candidates = [2,3,5], target = 8,
A solution set is:
[
  [2,2,2,2],
  [2,3,3],
  [3,5]
]

方法一：

递归：加入三个变量，start 记录当前的递归到的下标，out 为一个解，res 保存所有已经得到的解，每次调用新的递归函数时，此时的 target 要减去当前数组的的数，具体看代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> combinationSum(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        vector<int> out;
        combinationSumDFS(candidates, target, 0, out, res);
        return res;
    }
    void combinationSumDFS(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int start, vector<int>& out, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (target < 0) return;
        if (target == 0) {res.push_back(out); return;}
        for (int i = start; i < candidates.size(); ++i) {
            out.push_back(candidates[i]);
            combinationSumDFS(candidates, target - candidates[i], i, out, res);
            out.pop_back();
        }
    }
};

方法二：

动态规划：可以用迭代的解法来做，建立一个三维数组 dp，这里 dp[i] 表示目标数为 i+1 的所有解法集合。这里的i就从1遍历到 target 即可，对于每个i，都新建一个二维数组 cur，然后遍历 candidates 数组，如果遍历到的数字大于i，说明当前及之后的数字都无法组成i，直接 break 掉。否则如果相等，那么把当前数字自己组成一个数组，并且加到 cur 中。否则就遍历 dp[i - candidates[j] - 1] 中的所有数组，如果当前数字大于数组的首元素，则跳过，因为结果要求是要有序的。否则就将当前数字加入数组的开头，并且将数组放入 cur 之中即可，参见代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> combinationSum(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
        vector<vector<vector<int>>> dp;
        sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
        for (int i = 1; i <= target; ++i) {
            vector<vector<int>> cur;
            for (int j = 0; j < candidates.size(); ++j) {
                if (candidates[j] > i) break;
                if (candidates[j] == i) {cur.push_back({candidates[j]}); break;}
                for (auto a : dp[i - candidates[j] - 1]) {
                    if (candidates[j] > a[0]) continue;
                    a.insert(a.begin(), candidates[j]);
                    cur.push_back(a);
                }
            }
            dp.push_back(cur);
        }
        return dp[target - 1];
    }
};

[LeetCode] 39. Combination Sum 组合之和