1.BIO阻塞式网络编程

• 含义

阻塞 (Blocking IO) ：资源不可用时,IO请求一直阻塞,直到反馈结果(有数据或超时)
非阻塞(non-Blocking) IO:资源不可用时,IO请求离开返回，返回数据标识资源不可用
同步(synchronous) IO: 应用阻塞在发送或接收数据的状态.直到数据成功传输或返回失败
异步(asynchronous) IO:应用发送或接收数据后立即返回,实际处理是异步执行

阻塞和非阻塞式获取资源的方式,同步/异步式程序如何处理资源的逻辑设计，代码中使用的API:ServerSocket#accept、InputStream#read都是阻塞的API。操作系统底层API中，默认Socket操作都是Blocking型，send/recv等接口都是阻塞的。

带来的问题:阻塞导致在处理网络I/O时,一个线程只能处理一个网络连接

• 使用案例(阻塞的案例)

public class BIOServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
        while (!serverSocket.isClosed()) {
            Socket request = serverSocket.accept();// 阻塞
            System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + request.toString());
            try {
                // 接收数据、打印
                InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); // net + i/o
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
                String msg;
                while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 没有数据，阻塞
                    if (msg.length() == 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    System.out.println(msg);
                }
                System.out.println("收到数据,来自："+ request.toString());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    request.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

public class BIOClient {
	private static Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 8080);
		OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();

		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入：");
		String msg = scanner.nextLine();
		out.write(msg.getBytes(charset)); // 阻塞，写完成
		scanner.close();
		s.close();
	}

}

• 执行结果

先执行server,在执行client.当执行多次client会造成server端阻塞,只有第一个client执行完才会继续执行下去。

• 使用多线程优化解决此类问题

// 多线程支持
public class BIOServer1 {
    private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        System.out.println("tomcat 服务器启动成功");
        while (!serverSocket.isClosed()) {
            Socket request = serverSocket.accept();
            System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + request.toString());
            threadPool.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    // 接收数据、打印
                    InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
                    String msg;
                    while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 阻塞
                        if (msg.length() == 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        System.out.println(msg);
                    }
                    System.out.println("收到数据,来自："+ request.toString());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        request.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

• 如果我们与网页端进行交互怎么处理

首先与网页端进行交互需要满足http协议，那么我们就需要自定义响应结果

public class BIOServer2 {

    private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
        while (!serverSocket.isClosed()) {
            Socket request = serverSocket.accept();
            System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + request.toString());
            threadPool.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    // 接收数据、打印
                    InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
                    String msg;
                    while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        if (msg.length() == 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        System.out.println(msg);
                    }

                    System.out.println("收到数据,来自："+ request.toString());
                    // 响应结果 200
                    OutputStream outputStream = request.getOutputStream();
                    outputStream.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n".getBytes());
                    outputStream.write("Content-Length: 11\r\n\r\n".getBytes());
                    outputStream.write("Hello World".getBytes());
                    outputStream.flush();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        request.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

• 执行结果

收到新连接 : Socket[addr=/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1,port=55390,localport=8080]
收到新连接 : Socket[addr=/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1,port=55391,localport=8080]
msgGET / HTTP/1.1
msgHost: localhost:8080
msgConnection: keep-alive
msgUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
msgUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.183 Safari/537.36
msgAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
msgSec-Fetch-Site: none
msgSec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
msgSec-Fetch-User: ?1
msgSec-Fetch-Dest: document
msgAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
msgAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.7
收到数据,来自：Socket[addr=/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1,port=55390,localport=8080]
msgGET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1
msgHost: localhost:8080
msgConnection: keep-alive
msgUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.183 Safari/537.36
msgAccept: image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,image/*,*/*;q=0.8
msgSec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
msgSec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
msgSec-Fetch-Dest: image
msgReferer: http://localhost:8080/
msgAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
msgAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.7
收到数据,来自：Socket[addr=/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1,port=55391,localport=8080]

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