JSTL简单教程--JSTL核心标签（JSTL Tutorial with Examples – JSTL Core Tags）

JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL)是一个标准的标签库用来控制jsp的行为、迭代和控制表现、国际化以及sql等。

JSTL是javaEE的一部分并被绝大部分servlet容易所包含，但当我们用到时需要下载jstl的jar才能在容器中使用。大部分时间，我们可以在事例程序下找到他们，你需要把他们放到你工程的WEB-INF/lib目录下就可以了。这些jar就会被容器所找到，例如在tomcat下你需要jstl.jar 和 standard.jar。并加入到build path下才可以。

JSTL包含以下五类：
1、Core Tags:核心标签提供包含迭代、逻辑判断、异常、url、以及跳转等。你只需要在你的jsp页面包含以下代码就可以：

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>

2、Formatting and Localization Tags:这个是用来提供格式化数字、日期i18n从本地。只需要加入下面代码

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt" %>

3、SQL Tags:这个是对关系型数据库的支持。例如mysql、oracle等等。之需要加入以下代码：

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" prefix="sql" %>

4、XML Tags： 主要用户XML文档。例如解析XML，转换xml数据和Xpath表达式等。需要加入如下代码：

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml" prefix="x" %>

5、JSTL Functions Tags：function 标签用于一些操作逻辑，多数用于String 操作，例如spli等：需要加入以下代码：

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" prefix="fn" %>

 

所有的标签都是以http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/开始的。

JSTL Core Tags

Tag	Description
<c:out>	To write something in JSP page, we can use EL also with this tag
<c:import>	Same as <jsp:include> or include directive
<c:redirect>	redirect request to another resource
<c:set>	To set the variable value in given scope.
<c:remove>	To remove the variable from given scope
<c:catch>	To catch the exception and wrap it into an object.
<c:if>	Simple conditional logic, used with EL and we can use it to process the exception from <c:catch>
<c:choose>	Simple conditional tag that establishes a context for mutually exclusive conditional operations, marked by <c:when> and <c:otherwise>
<c:when>	Subtag of <c:choose> that includes its body if its condition evalutes to ‘true’.
<c:otherwise>	Subtag of <c:choose> that includes its body if its condition evalutes to ‘false’.
<c:forEach>	for iteration over a collection
<c:forTokens>	for iteration over tokens separated by a delimiter.
<c:param>	used with <c:import> to pass parameters
<c:url>	to create a URL with optional query string parameters

来看事例：

Employee.java

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package com.journaldev.model;    public class Employee {        private int id;     private String name;     private String role;     public Employee() {     }     public int getId() {         return id;     }     public void setId(int id) {         this.id = id;     }     public String getName() {         return name;     }     public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }     public String getRole() {         return role;     }     public void setRole(String role) {         this.role = role;     }    }

 

HomeServlet.java

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package com.journaldev.servlet;    import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;    import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;    import com.journaldev.model.Employee;    @WebServlet("/HomeServlet") public class HomeServlet extends HttpServlet {     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;               protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {         List<Employee> empList = new ArrayList<Employee>();         Employee emp1 = new Employee();         emp1.setId(1); emp1.setName("Pankaj");emp1.setRole("Developer");         Employee emp2 = new Employee();         emp2.setId(2); emp2.setName("Meghna");emp2.setRole("Manager");         empList.add(emp1);empList.add(emp2);         request.setAttribute("empList", empList);                    request.setAttribute("htmlTagData", "<br/> creates a new line.");         request.setAttribute("url", "http://www.journaldev.com");         RequestDispatcher rd = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/home.jsp");         rd.forward(request, response);     }    }

 

home.jsp

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"     pageEncoding="US-ASCII"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"> <title>Home Page</title> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <style> table,th,td { border:1px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <%-- Using JSTL forEach and out to loop a list and display items in table --%> <table> <tbody> <tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Role</th></tr> <c:forEach items="${requestScope.empList}" var="emp"> <tr><td><c:out value="${emp.id}"></c:out></td> <td><c:out value="${emp.name}"></c:out></td> <td><c:out value="${emp.role}"></c:out></td></tr> </c:forEach> </tbody> </table> <br><br> <%-- simple c:if and c:out example with HTML escaping --%> <c:if test="${requestScope.htmlTagData ne null }"> <c:out value="${requestScope.htmlTagData}" escapeXml="true"></c:out> </c:if> <br><br> <%-- c:set example to set variable value --%> <c:set var="id" value="5" scope="request"></c:set> <c:out value="${requestScope.id }" ></c:out> <br><br> <%-- c:catch example --%> <c:catch var ="exception">    <% int x = 5/0;%> </c:catch>    <c:if test = "${exception ne null}">    <p>Exception is : ${exception} <br />    Exception Message: ${exception.message}</p> </c:if> <br><br> <%-- c:url example --%> <a href="<c:url value="${requestScope.url }"></c:url>">JournalDev</a> </body> </html>

 

 

当访问http://localhost:8080/JSTLExample/HomeServlet这个servlet的时候，我们会看到下面的结果