Annotation注解APT(四):依赖注入框架Dagger

引言
通过前面的（http://blog.csdn.net/xuewend/article/details/73511128）文章，知道了注解的作用，其中一种就是做依赖注入，dagger是依赖注入的一种框架，那么如何来使用dagger框架呢？

Android Studio中的配置
top build.gradle

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
   
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.3'

        //添加apt插件
        classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

app build.gradle

//添加apt注解插件
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
    compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.0-alpha7'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

    //添加dagger依赖的库，当前版本为2.4
    compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.4'
    apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.4'
}

实例

package com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo;

import javax.inject.Inject;

/**
 * Created by fishmov on 17-6-21.
 */

public class People {
   
    private String name = "";

    @Inject
    public People() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

package com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import javax.inject.Inject;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
   
    private static final String TAG = "fish---";

    @Inject
    People people;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + people);

    }
}

直接运行，结果为：

06-21 15:35:36.818 26506-26506/com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo I/fish—: onCreate: null

因为我们目前的@Inject只是一个注解，并没有解析器来解析它，所以加不加一样，people没有初始化当然为空．

我们的目的是通过dagger框架在MainActivity自动注入依赖的People实例，要实现这个还需要一个桥梁Componet，通过Componet来注入：

package com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo;

import dagger.Component;

/**
 * Created by fishmov on 17-6-21.
 */

@Component
public interface MainComponet {
   

    //定义注入的方法,表示支持对某个类的注入
    void inject(MainActivity activity);
}

记得rebuild一下，将自动生成Dagger+MainComponet一个类．

package com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

import javax.inject.Inject;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
   
    private static final String TAG = "fish---";

    @Inject
    People people;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + people);

        DaggerMainComponet.builder().build().inject(this);

        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + people);

    }
}

直接运行，结果为：

com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo I/fish—: onCreate: null
com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo I/fish—: onCreate: com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo.People@9af3aad

可以看到，调用dagger注入后，people实例化了一个对象．这种注入方式是最基本的注入方式，
然而这并没有什么卵用.
通过这种方式注入，需要在类的构造方法中添加@Inject注解，有时候我们无法修改别人的构造方法的时候，要如何使用注入呢？这个时候就需要@Module和@Provides注解了．

实例

package com.example.fishmov.daggerdemo;

import javax.inject.Inject;

/**
 * Created by fishmov on 17-6-21.
 */

public class People {