CSV 文件中的字段中的开头和结尾上，可能会存在空格或制表符，但是该如何处理呢？

什么是 包裹（使用双引号）？

包裹的概念是面向字段的，包裹起来的字段将会被视为一个整体。尤其当字段中包含一些特殊符号（如逗号、换行符、双引号）时，如果不将这些字段包裹起来，则很有可能导致 CSV 文件解析发生错误。那么我们该如何包裹一个字段呢，通常将一个字段放置在双引号("")之间，例如"ID"，ID就是一个被包裹的字段。任何字段都可以使用双引号("")将其包裹起来，并不存在任何限制。

字段中特殊符号的处理

根据上面的介绍，如果一个字段中包含特殊符号，那么在写入时必须使用双引号来包裹这个字段。有一点需要注意，C语言中字符串中的双引号需要通过使用转义符号来表示(\")

下面分别用逗号、换行符、双引号来做示例

• 逗号：fprintf(fp, "3,\"z,xc\",3.3\n");

• 换行符：fprintf(fp, "4,\"qw\nas\",4.4\n");

• 双引号：fprintf(fp, "5,\"\"aszx\"\",5.5\n");，第一个用作包裹字段，第二个双引号才是实际的双引号。

完整的程序如下：

// 2-1.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    FILE *fp = fopen("tmp.csv", "w+");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "fopen() failed.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fprintf(fp, "ID,Name,Points\n");
    fprintf(fp, "1,qwe,1.1\n");

    int id = 2;
    char *name = "asd";
    float point = 2.2;
    fprintf(fp, "%d,%s,%f\n", id, name, point);

    // special symbols
    fprintf(fp, "3,\"z,xc\",3.3\n");
    fprintf(fp, "4,\"qw\nas\",4.4\n");
    fprintf(fp, "5,\"\"aszx\"\",5.5\n");

    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}

运行程序，查看 CSV 文件内容，结果为：

字段开头和结尾处的空格和制表符

CSV 文件中的字段中的开头和结尾上，可能会存在空格或制表符，但是该如何处理呢？按照 RFC 4180 标准的规定，“空格被看作字段的一部分，不应当被忽略”。但是RFC 4180 并不是强制标准，因此某些实现中，空格和制表符会被截断掉。因此 fprintf(fp, " 6,abc,6.6 \n"); 写入的字段可能是 6,abc,6.6（按照 RFC 4180 标准） 或者是 6,abc,6.6（空格被截掉）

然而，在 RFC 4180 标准中，并未说明空格字符若出现在被包裹的值之外如何处理，例如在 fprintf(fp, " \"7\",def,\"7.7\" \n"); 语句中，如字段\"7\"，虽然7被包裹，但包裹之外的又有空格，因此目前标准中对这样的空格该如何处理还没有规定，可以保留也可以截掉。\"7.7\" 字段也面临着同样的问题。https://www.imdb.com/list/ls539016836/
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