java--反射

反射：程序运行时动态的访问类或者对象，如下述程序中根据className的不同，程序运行时动态的加载类和创建对象。

大部分的高级框架都用到反射技术，如spring容器启动后，会自动通过各类注解（@Resource、@Service等）实例化对象。

反射用到核心类有：Class、Constructor、Method、Field，下述的示例演示了这些类的核心方法。

package com.ng.web.test;
public class Student {
    private String num;//学号
    private String name;
    private int age;
    static {
        System.out.println("加载Student类时执行");//Class.forName(className) 执行
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return this.hashCode() + "-Student{" +
                "num='" + num + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String num, String name, int age) {
        this.num = num;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(String num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

package com.ng.web.test;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String className = "com.ng.web.test.Student";
            Class studentClass = Class.forName(className);//执行完此行代码，输出Student类的静态代码块的内容：加载Student类时执行
            //实例化，调用默认构造方法
            Student student = (Student) studentClass.newInstance();
            System.out.println("默认构造函数构造的对象:" + student);//默认构造函数构造的对象2096057945-Student{num='null', name='null', age=0}
            //带参数构造方法
            Constructor constructor = studentClass.getConstructor(new Class[]{String.class, String.class, int.class});
            student = (Student) constructor.newInstance("001", "张三", 18);
            System.out.println("带参构造函数构造的对象:" + student);//带参构造函数构造的对象1689843956-Student{num='001', name='张三', age=18}
            //方法类
            Method setAgeMethod = studentClass.getMethod("setAge", int.class);
            setAgeMethod.invoke(student,20);
            System.out.println("修改年龄后:" + student);//修改年龄后:1689843956-Student{num='001', name='张三', age=20}
            //字段属性类
            Field nameFiled = studentClass.getDeclaredField("name");
            String nameValue = "";
            if(nameFiled.getModifiers() == 1) { //public 属性
                nameValue = (String)nameFiled.get(student);
            }else if(nameFiled.getModifiers() == 2) { //private 属性
                Method getNameMethod = studentClass.getMethod("get" + nameFiled.getName().substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
                        nameFiled.getName().substring(1));
                nameValue = (String)getNameMethod.invoke(student);
            }
            System.out.println("属性名name值:" + nameValue);//属性名name值:张三
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}