同一Linux下安装两个版本的MySQL,非rpm安装

mysql 5.7.41以及mysql 8.0.33，通过官方提供的编译文件压缩包（tar.gz），非rpm安装文件

1. 下载
官网MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)下载需要版本的mysql

mysql-5.7.41-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 安装
2.1 准备
2.1.1 路径规划
        服务器上通过LVM挂在规划 /u01 路径用于安装应用，/u01路径用于存储数据

        创建文件夹：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/mysql  #安装包解压到此路径下
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u02/mysql/mysql57/data
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u02/mysql/mysql57/logs
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u02/mysql/mysql80/data
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u02/mysql/mysql80/logs

2.1.2 解压
        将两个tar.gz压缩包上传到服务器的/u01/mysql路径下，解压后得到与压缩包名一致的文件夹，将文件夹重命名（主要为了路径简短好记）

[root@localhost mysql]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.41-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql]# mv mysql-5.7.41-el7-x86_64.tar.gz mysql-5.7.41
[root@localhost mysql]# tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql]# mv mysql-8.0.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz mysql-8.0.33

如下：（安装完后我已将压缩包删除，并且安装过程中会变更文件所有人，故下图仅有两个文件夹，且文件夹的所有者都是mysql，基于root操作的此时的所有者应该是root）

2.2 配置
2.2.1 删除/重命名/etc/my.cnf
        /etc/my.cnf是mysql默认且优先读取的配置文件，第二顺位是安装路径下的my.cnf，由于我们需要装载两个mysql且互不干扰，所以需要删掉第一顺位的配置文件。

2.2.2 为两个mysql分别创建配置文件my.cnf
        创建 /u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/my.cnf 以及 /u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/my.cnf，文件内容如下：

  /u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/my.cnf：

[mysqld]
port=3357
user=mysql
basedir=/u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41
datadir=/u02/mysql/mysql57/data
socket=/tmp/mysql57.sock
log-error=/u02/mysql/mysql57/logs/mysql.err
pid-file=/u02/mysql/mysql57/mysql.pid
character_set_server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/u02/mysql/mysql57/logs/mysql.err
pid-file=/u02/mysql/mysql57/mysql.pid
tmpdir=/tmp/mysql57
 

/u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/my.cnf ：

[mysqld]
port=3380
user=mysql
basedir=/u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33
datadir=/u02/mysql/mysql80/data
socket=/tmp/mysql80.sock
log-error=/u02/mysql/mysql80/logs/mysql.err
pid-file=/u02/mysql/mysql80/mysql.pid
character_set_server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
 
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/u02/mysql/mysql80/logs/mysql.err
pid-file=/u02/mysql/mysql80/mysql.pid
tmpdir=/tmp/mysql80

2.2.3 配置service启动文件
        以mysql5.7.41为例，编辑 /u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/support-files/mysql.server 

        将文件的第46、47、58、63、207行，将对应信息配置为我们安装的真实路径，如下

/u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/support-files/mysql.server 如是

        将编辑好的/u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/support-files/mysql.server、/u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/support-files/mysql.server复制到 /etc/init.d/ 下，并命名为 mysql57 和 mysql80，后面通过service命令启动服务会用到

[root@localhost ~]# cp /u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql57
[root@localhost ~]# cp /u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql80

 2.2.4 创建mysql用户并更改路径所有者

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /u01/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /u02/mysql

 2.3 初始化数据库
        进入到安装路径下的bin目录，以mysql 5.7.41为例

[root@localhost ~]# cd /u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/my.cnf --basedir=/u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41 --datadir=/u02/mysql/mysql57/data --user=mysql --initialize
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql57 start
Starting MySQL.....SUCCESS!

至此，mysql5.7.41安装并启动成功，mysql8.0.33如是，最后通过service msyql80 start 进行启动

3. 登录数据库服务器
        在数据库初始化过程中，会随机生成root密码，记录在我们配置的log-error文件中

[root@localhost bin]# cat /u02/mysql/mysql57/logs/mysql.err | grep password
2023-07-19T08:23:56.987382Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #Bdm6F?J!2

        信息中显示的【#Bdm6F?J!2】就是初次登录需要用到的密码，登录mysql5.7.41数据库并修改root的密码，打开远程访问限制（依然在安装目录的bin目录下）

[root@localhost ~]# cd /u01/mysql/mysql-5.7.41/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql57.sock
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.41
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> set password = password('root.123');  #修改root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user='root';  #开启root的远程访问权限
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql57 restart  #重启服务
        mysql 8.0.33操作类似，但需要注意的是8.0版本在首次登录时修改密码的语法与5.7的不一样，下面是mysql 8.0.33首次登录及修改密码的过程：
 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /u01/mysql/mysql-8.0.33/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql80.sock
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.33
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root.123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
 
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> update user set host= '%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost bin]# service mysql80 restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL...... SUCCESS!