观察者模式

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Subject subject = new Subject(); ConcreteObserver1 con1 = new ConcreteObserver1(subject, "con1_instance1"); ConcreteObserver2 con2 = new ConcreteObserver2(subject, "con2_instance1"); con1.subscribe(); con2.subscribe(); con1.deSubscribe(); subject.update(); } } class Subject { private List<Observer> _observers = new List<Observer>(); public void add(Observer observer) { _observers.Add(observer); } public void detach(Observer observer) { _observers.Remove(observer); } public void update() { foreach (var item in _observers) { item.action("do sth"); } } } abstract class Observer { protected Subject _subject; protected string _name; public Observer(Subject subject,string name) { this._subject = subject; this._name = name; } public abstract void action(string info); } class ConcreteObserver1 : Observer { public ConcreteObserver1(Subject subject,string name) : base(subject,name) { } public override void action(string info) { Console.WriteLine(_name + " " + info); } public void subscribe() { _subject.add(this); } public void deSubscribe() { _subject.detach(this); } } class ConcreteObserver2 : Observer { public ConcreteObserver2(Subject subject, string name) : base(subject, name) { } public override void action(string info) { Console.WriteLine(_name + " xuxu " + info); } public void subscribe() { _subject.add(this); } public void deSubscribe() { _subject.detach(this); } }

以上是我没有把Subject抽象化的结果。

下面我写出把subject也写成抽象类，这样我们就完成了解耦操作，面对接口编程，低耦合，稳定性比较好。

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Subject subject = new ConcreteSubject(); ConcreteObserver1 con1 = new ConcreteObserver1(subject, "con1_instance1"); ConcreteObserver2 con2 = new ConcreteObserver2(subject, "con2_instance1"); con1.subscribe(); con2.subscribe(); con1.deSubscribe(); subject.update(); } } abstract class Subject { protected List<Observer> _observers = new List<Observer>(); public abstract void add(Observer observer); public abstract void detach(Observer observer); public abstract void update(); } class ConcreteSubject : Subject { public void add(Observer observer) { _observers.Add(observer); } public void detach(Observer observer) { _observers.Remove(observer); } public void update() { foreach (var item in _observers) item.action("do sth"); } } abstract class Observer { protected Subject _subject; protected string _name; public Observer(Subject subject,string name) { this._subject = subject; this._name = name; } public abstract void action(string info); } class ConcreteObserver1 : Observer { public ConcreteObserver1(Subject subject,string name) : base(subject,name) { } public override void action(string info) { Console.WriteLine(_name + " " + info); } public void subscribe() { _subject.add(this); } public void deSubscribe() { _subject.detach(this); } } class ConcreteObserver2 : Observer { public ConcreteObserver2(Subject subject, string name) : base(subject, name) { } public override void action(string info) { Console.WriteLine(_name + " xuxu " + info); } public void subscribe() { _subject.add(this); } public void deSubscribe() { _subject.detach(this); } }

在这里我们想共享一些代码，所以设计成了抽象类而不是接口。但是在实际中，比如往往观察者们都是风马牛不相及的类，所以我们也许不能强加给他们一个继承结构，让他们去继承一个类，这时候就得用接口。

 

我们有没有可能通过别的方式实现观察者模式呢？比如说vs运行程序的时候，可能一个按钮点击的时候，许多按钮要随着变亮，许多按钮要变灰，这显然是通过观察者模式实现，但是这些东西又不可能通过实现接口或者继承类来实现的。而且我们发现，Subject和Observer互相依赖彼此的接口，虽然他们不依赖于具体的类，而且Subject遍历的时候，是调用观察者对象的同一个方法的，如果我们想调用不同的方法怎么办？

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Subject subject = new Subject(); subject.Update += new ConcreteObserver1().action; subject.Update += new ConcreteObserver2().action1; subject.update(); } } delegate void EventHanlder(); class Subject { public event EventHanlder Update; public void update() { Update(); } } class ConcreteObserver1 { public void action() { Console.WriteLine("xuxu"); } } class ConcreteObserver2 { public void action1() { Console.WriteLine("bubu"); } }

通过委托，我们做到了完全不需要那两个抽象接口了。。。牛啊