概述
现今很多Web应用开发都是分前后台的,后台开发提供接口调用返回Json对象,前台使用JS框架去加载后台返回的Json.本文以实例简述如何通过HttpClient测试这样的后台接口
处理Json对象的基本API
JSON包中最常用的两个类就是JSONObject和JSONArray,具体可以参考JSON for java入门总结
如下是自己模仿的简单例子:
- package com.james.json;
- import org.json.JSONArray;
- import org.json.JSONObject;
- public class JsonTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // Test JSONObject.
- JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject("{'name':'jingshou','age':30}");
- String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
- int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");
- System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());
- System.out.println(name+":"+age);
- System.out.println("**********");
- // Test JSONArray.
- JSONArray jsonarray = new JSONArray("[{'name':'jingshou','age':30},{'name':'xiaohong','age':29}]");
- for(int i=0;i<jsonarray.length();i++){
- JSONObject jo = jsonarray.getJSONObject(i);
- System.out.println(jo);
- String name1 = jo.getString("name");
- int age1 = jo.getInt("age");
- System.out.println("name1= "+name1);
- System.out.println("age1= "+age1);
- }
- }
- }
package com.james.json;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
public class JsonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test JSONObject.
JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject("{'name':'jingshou','age':30}");
String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");
System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());
System.out.println(name+":"+age);
System.out.println("**********");
// Test JSONArray.
JSONArray jsonarray = new JSONArray("[{'name':'jingshou','age':30},{'name':'xiaohong','age':29}]");
for(int i=0;i<jsonarray.length();i++){
JSONObject jo = jsonarray.getJSONObject(i);
System.out.println(jo);
String name1 = jo.getString("name");
int age1 = jo.getInt("age");
System.out.println("name1= "+name1);
System.out.println("age1= "+age1);
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
- {"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}
- jingshou:30
- **********
- {"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}
- name1= jingshou
- age1= 30
- {"age":29,"name":"xiaohong"}
- name1= xiaohong
- age1= 29
{"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}
jingshou:30
**********
{"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}
name1= jingshou
age1= 30
{"age":29,"name":"xiaohong"}
name1= xiaohong
age1= 29
从以上例子我们看到的基本事实是:
- 可以通过字符串直接构造一个JSONObject
- JSONObject里的key在显式传入的时候是用单引号包裹起来的,但是打印出来的时候依然是我们期望的双引号
使用httpclient处理API返回
如下例子演示如何使用httpClient获取API返回的JSON字符串以及处理:
- package com.james.json;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
- import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
- import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
- import org.json.JSONArray;
- import org.json.JSONObject;
- public class SimpleServiceTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
- CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
- HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://jingshou.com/admin/searchUser.action?search_loginid=jingshou");
- CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
- try {
- HttpEntity myEntity = response.getEntity();
- System.out.println(myEntity.getContentType());
- System.out.println(myEntity.getContentLength());
- String resString = EntityUtils.toString(myEntity);
- // 使用返回的字符串直接构造一个JSONObject
- JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(resString);
- System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());
- // 获取返回对象中"resultSize的值"
- int resutltSize = jsonobj.getInt("resultSize");
- System.out.println("Search Results Size is: "+ resutltSize);
- // 获取"clients"的值,它是一个JSONArray
- JSONArray jsonarray = jsonobj.getJSONArray("clients");
- System.out.println(jsonarray.toString());
- } finally {
- response.close();
- }
- }
- }
package com.james.json;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
public class SimpleServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://jingshou.com/admin/searchUser.action?search_loginid=jingshou");
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity myEntity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println(myEntity.getContentType());
System.out.println(myEntity.getContentLength());
String resString = EntityUtils.toString(myEntity);
// 使用返回的字符串直接构造一个JSONObject
JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(resString);
System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());
// 获取返回对象中"resultSize的值"
int resutltSize = jsonobj.getInt("resultSize");
System.out.println("Search Results Size is: "+ resutltSize);
// 获取"clients"的值,它是一个JSONArray
JSONArray jsonarray = jsonobj.getJSONArray("clients");
System.out.println(jsonarray.toString());
} finally {
response.close();
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
- Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
- -1
- {"resultSize":1,"clients":[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]}
- Search Results Size is: 1
- [{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
-1
{"resultSize":1,"clients":[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]}
Search Results Size is: 1
[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]
小结:
- 通过API返回的JSON字符串直接构造JSON对象
- 如果要读取JSONObject内部数据,需要事先知道对象的结构,所以以上处理方法不具有通用性,只能处理特定的返回
补充学习:
- http://cgs1999.iteye.com/blog/1608003
- http://cgs1999.iteye.com/blog/1609756