python_numpy

>>> a = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4],[4,5,6]])
>>> a
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [2, 3, 4],
       [4, 5, 6]])
>>> a.ndim    # 数组维度
2
>>> a.shape    # 行数、列数
(3, 3)
>>> a.size    # 总元素个数
9
>>> b = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4],[4,5,6]],dtype=np.float32)   # 定义元素类型
>>> b
array([[1., 2., 3.],
       [2., 3., 4.],
       [4., 5., 6.]], dtype=float32)

>>> np.zeros((3,4))                 # 注意有两个括号
array([[0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0.]])
>>> np.ones((1,2))
array([[1., 1.]])
>>> np.empty((2,2))
array([[0.00000000e+000, 0.00000000e+000],
       [9.72022304e-312, 9.72022433e-312]])

>>> np.random.randn(2,1)       # 不知两者区别，[0,1)
array([[ 0.5679706],
       [-0.0044531]])

>>> np.random.random((2,1))
array([[0.23639781],
       [0.57213322]])

>>> np.arange(10,20,2)              # 起始值，终点值（取不到），步长
array([10, 12, 14, 16, 18])

>>> np.arange(8).reshape((2,4))     # 改变形状
array([[0, 1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6, 7]])

>>> np.linspace(1,10,4)             # 起始值，终点值（取得到），个数
array([ 1.,  4.,  7., 10.])

>>> a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
>>> b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])
>>> b-a
array([[4, 4],
       [4, 4]])
>>> b+a
array([[ 6,  8],
       [10, 12]])
>>> a*b                                # 元素乘积
array([[ 5, 12],
       [21, 32]])
>>> a**2                               # 元素幂运算
array([[ 1,  4],
       [ 9, 16]], dtype=int32)
>>> b<6                               # 元素相比
array([[ True, False],
       [False, False]])
>>> np.sin(a)
array([[ 0.84147098,  0.90929743],
       [ 0.14112001, -0.7568025 ]])
>>> np.dot(a,b)                      # 矩阵乘积
array([[19, 22],
       [43, 50]])
>>> a.dot(b)
array([[19, 22],
       [43, 50]])
>>> np.sum(a)            
10
>>> np.max(a)
4
>>> np.min(a)
1
>>> np.sum(a,axis=1)                # 行 加
array([3, 7])
>>> np.argmin(a)                    # 最小元素的序号
0
>>> np.argmax(a)
3

>>> a = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))
>>> a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> np.mean(a)              # 均值
5.5
>>> np.median(a)            # 中位数
5.5
>>> np.cumsum(a)            # 前i个元素累加
array([ 0,  1,  3,  6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66], dtype=int32)
>>> np.diff(a)              # 两个元素间的差
array([[1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1]])

>>> np.nonzero(a)
(array([0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2], dtype=int64),         # 表示行
 array([1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=int64))         # 表示列

>>> a.T                         # 转置
array([[ 0,  4,  8],
       [ 1,  5,  9],
       [ 2,  6, 10],
       [ 3,  7, 11]])
>>> np.clip(a,5,9)              # 小于5，置5.大于9，置9.
array([[5, 5, 5, 5],
       [5, 5, 6, 7],
       [8, 9, 9, 9]])

>>> a = np.arange(12,0,-1).reshape((3,4)) 
>>> a
array([[12, 11, 10,  9],
       [ 8,  7,  6,  5],
       [ 4,  3,  2,  1]])
>>> np.sort(a)                              # 逐行排序，从小到大
array([[ 9, 10, 11, 12],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8],
       [ 1,  2,  3,  4]])

 

>>> a = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))
>>> a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> a[1,1]
5
>>> a[1]
array([4, 5, 6, 7])
>>> a[1,:]
array([4, 5, 6, 7])
>>> a[:,2]
array([ 2,  6, 10])

>>> for row in a:        # 打印行
	print(row)

	
[0 1 2 3]
[4 5 6 7]
[ 8  9 10 11]

 

>>> a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]]) 
>>> a.flatten()                       # 展开属性
array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11])
>>> for item in a.flat:                # a.flat 是一个迭代器
	print(item)

	
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

 

>>> a
array([1, 1, 1])                # 无法进行转置
>>> b
array([2, 2, 2])
>>> np.vstack((a,b))
array([[1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2]])
>>> np.hstack((a,b))
array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2])

>>> np.concatenate((a,b,b,a),axis=0)       # 横向合并
array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1])

>>> a[np.newaxis,:]              # 转换成矩阵，可转置
array([[1, 1, 1]])
>>> a[:,np.newaxis]
array([[1],
       [1],
       [1]])

 

>>> a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> np.split(a,2,axis=1)          # 纵向切，，必须等分
[array([[0, 1],
       [4, 5],
       [8, 9]]),
 array([[ 2,  3],
       [ 6,  7],
       [10, 11]])]

>>> np.array_split(a,3,axis = 1)   # 可以不等分
[array([[0, 1],
       [4, 5],
       [8, 9]]), array([[ 2],
       [ 6],
       [10]]), array([[ 3],
       [ 7],
       [11]])]

>>> np.vsplit(a,3)                         # 横向切，必须等分    
[array([[0, 1, 2, 3]]), array([[4, 5, 6, 7]]), array([[ 8,  9, 10, 11]])]

 

>>> a                 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> c=a                           # a和c同一个
>>> c
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> a[1]=2
>>> c
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 2,  2,  2,  2],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])



>>> a
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 2, 22,  2,  2],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> d=a.copy()                   # a,d不同
>>> d
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 2, 22,  2,  2],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> a[0,0]=9
>>> d
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 2, 22,  2,  2],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])
>>> a
array([[ 9,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 2, 22,  2,  2],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])