最后防线：Linux系统服务检测

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-16 13:11:07 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-16 13:11:07 发布

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分类专栏： HIDS

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xuzhina/article/details/113777157

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在主机入侵检测系统里，建立系统服务基线和检测系统服务进程行为，是检测恶意服务和恶意进程的关键。

只在使用systemd的Linux系统使用

建立系统服务基线

系统服务基线的建立，需要做的事情有如下几样：

获取所有安装的系统服务
获取当前系统运行级别
获取当前系统运行级别默认启动的服务

在主机入侵检测系统里，也可以通过system, popen, fork/execv之类的函数调用如下命令实现上面目的

systemctl  list-unit-files --type=service   #获取所有安装的服务
systemctl get-default #获取当前系统运行级别
systemctl list-unit-files --type=service| grep enabled #获取所有默认启动的服务,不只是当前运行级别

调用命令却有如下风险：

调用命令的隐患：任何一个命令在启动时，都要加载一大堆依赖的so，如果某些so不存在，命令是执行不了。如果命令执行完之后出现异常，成为僵尸进程，就会消耗大量系统句柄，导致后面一些业务进程无法启动。
错误的处理：由于是调用命令，命令获取数据是否异常，无法得知，对这种错误无法处理，也会导致有大量无效数据。

按照Unix哲学”一切皆文件“，上面目的完全可以通过opendir/readdir/closedir, open/read/close, readlink/realpath之类的API来实现。

获取所有安装的系统：systemd获取所有安装的系统服务，是按顺序遍历service文件。

/etc/systemd/system
/run/systemd/system
/usr/local/lib/systemd/system
/usr/lib/systemd/system

列举一下这些目录的内容：

[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service
/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service  /etc/systemd/system/display-manager.service  /etc/systemd/system/kibana.service  /etc/systemd/system/wazuh-agent.service
[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls /run/systemd/system/*.service
ls: cannot access /run/systemd/system/*.service: No such file or directory
[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/*.service
ls: cannot access /usr/local/lib/systemd/system/*.service: No such file or directory
[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-ccpp.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/ipsec.service                                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-backlight@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrtd.service                            /usr/lib/systemd/system/irqbalance.service                             /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-binfmt.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-oops.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/kdump.service                                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-bootchart.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-pstoreoops.service                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kmod-static-nodes.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-firstboot.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-vmcore.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/lightdm.service                                /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-fsck-root.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-xorg.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/lvm2-lvmetad.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-fsck@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/lvm2-lvmpolld.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-halt.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/alsa-restore.service                     /usr/lib/systemd/system/lvm2-monitor.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hibernate-resume@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/alsa-state.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/lvm2-pvscan@.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hibernate.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/arp-ethers.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdadm-grow-continue@.service                   /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hostnamed.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service                              /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdadm-last-resort@.service                     /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hwdb-update.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdcheck_continue.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-hybrid-sleep.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/autovt@.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdcheck_start.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-importd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/blk-availability.service                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdmonitor-oneshot.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-initctl.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/brandbot.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdmonitor.service                              /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journal-catalog-update.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/canberra-system-bootup.service           /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdmon@.service                                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/canberra-system-shutdown-reboot.service  /usr/lib/systemd/system/messagebus.service                             /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-journal-flush.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/canberra-system-shutdown.service         /usr/lib/systemd/system/microcode.service                              /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-kexec.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/chrony-dnssrv@.service                   /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service                                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-localed.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/multipathd.service                             /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-logind.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/chrony-wait.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service              /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-machined.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/clean-mount-point@.service               /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-machine-id-commit.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/console-getty.service                    /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-wait-online.service             /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-modules-load.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/console-shell.service                    /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service                                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/openvpn-client@.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-poweroff.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/container-getty@.service                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/openvpn-server@.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-quotacheck.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/cpupower.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/openvpn@.service                               /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-random-seed.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service                            /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-halt.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-collect.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.hostname1.service   /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-kexec.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-done.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.import1.service     /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-poweroff.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-drop.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.locale1.service     /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-quit.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-readahead-replay.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.login1.service      /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-quit-wait.service                     /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-reboot.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.machine1.service    /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-read-write.service                    /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-remount-fs.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.timedate1.service   /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-reboot.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-rfkill@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus.service                             /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-start.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-shutdownd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/debug-shell.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/plymouth-switch-root.service                   /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-suspend.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dm-event.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/polkit.service                                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-sysctl.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service                                /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-timedated.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-cmdline.service                   /usr/lib/systemd/system/quotaon.service                                /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-initqueue.service                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service                               /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-mount.service                     /usr/lib/systemd/system/rdisc.service                                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-pre-mount.service                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-udevd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-pre-pivot.service                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service                                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-udev-settle.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-pre-trigger.service               /usr/lib/systemd/system/rescue.service                                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-udev-trigger.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-pre-udev.service                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-autorelabel-mark.service                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-update-done.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dracut-shutdown.service                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-autorelabel.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/ebtables.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-configure.service                         /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-update-utmp.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service                    /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-dmesg.service                             /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-user-sessions.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/emergency.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-domainname.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-vconsole-setup.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-import-state.service                      /usr/lib/systemd/system/tcsd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/flatpak-system-helper.service            /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-loadmodules.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/teamd@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/fstrim.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-readonly.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/trace-cmd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/geoclue.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service                                /usr/lib/systemd/system/tuned.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/getty@.service                           /usr/lib/systemd/system/selinux-policy-migrate-local-changes@.service  /usr/lib/systemd/system/udisks2.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/halt-local.service                       /usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/unbound-anchor.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/initrd-cleanup.service                   /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd-keygen.service                            /usr/lib/systemd/system/upower.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/initrd-parse-etc.service                 /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service                                   /usr/lib/systemd/system/usbmuxd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/initrd-switch-root.service               /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd@.service                                  /usr/lib/systemd/system/vgauthd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service        /usr/lib/systemd/system/svnserve.service                               /usr/lib/systemd/system/vmtoolsd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/iprdump.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-ask-password-console.service           /usr/lib/systemd/system/wacom-inputattach@.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/iprinit.service                          /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-ask-password-plymouth.service          /usr/lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/iprupdate.service                        /usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-ask-password-wall.service              /usr/lib/systemd/system/xl2tpd.service

获取当前系统运行级别：systemd是通过软链接获取真实的运行级别，优先级由上到下

/etc/systemd/system/default.target
/run/systemd/system/default.target
/usr/local/lib/systemd/system/default.target
/usr/lib/systemd/system/default.target

通过systemctl获取当前系统级别

[root@bogon-agent ~]# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target

通过软链接获取当前系统级别，可见结果是相符的，而且优先级确实如上所述

[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls -l /etc/systemd/system/default.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Mar 31  2020 /etc/systemd/system/default.target -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target
[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls -l /usr/lib/systemd/system/default.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Nov 27 17:11 /usr/lib/systemd/system/default.target -> graphical.target

获取当前系统运行级别默认启动的服务：采用下面步骤，可以获取精确的结果

root@bogon-agent ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/default.target
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Multi-User System
Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
Requires=basic.target      
Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
After=basic.target rescue.service rescue.target
AllowIsolate=yes

获取实际target文件对应的target.wants目录，如目前是multi-user.target，那么相应目录是multi-user.target.wants。这些目录里软链接指向的service文件，就是默认启动的系统服务。

root@bogon-agent ~]# ls -l /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Sep 30  2019 abrt-ccpp.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-ccpp.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 43 Sep 30  2019 abrt-vmcore.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/abrt-vmcore.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Feb  3 17:46 docker.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 42 Sep 30  2019 irqbalance.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/irqbalance.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Sep 30  2019 kdump.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/kdump.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Sep 30  2019 mdmonitor.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdmonitor.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 Sep 30  2019 NetworkManager.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Jun 17  2020 postfix.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Sep 30  2019 remote-fs.target -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/remote-fs.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46 Sep 30  2019 rhel-configure.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/rhel-configure.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Sep 30  2019 rsyslog.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Sep 30  2019 sshd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 37 Sep 30  2019 tuned.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/tuned.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 40 Sep 30  2019 vmtoolsd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/vmtoolsd.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Apr 22  2020 wazuh-agent.service -> /etc/systemd/system/wazuh-agent.service
[root@bogon-agent ~]# ls -l /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Nov 27 17:11 dbus.service -> ../dbus.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Nov 27 17:11 getty.target -> ../getty.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Nov 27 17:11 plymouth-quit.service -> ../plymouth-quit.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Nov 27 17:11 plymouth-quit-wait.service -> ../plymouth-quit-wait.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 33 Nov 27 17:11 systemd-ask-password-wall.path -> ../systemd-ask-password-wall.path
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Nov 27 17:11 systemd-logind.service -> ../systemd-logind.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 39 Nov 27 17:11 systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service -> ../systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Nov 27 17:11 systemd-user-sessions.service -> ../systemd-user-sessions.service