Servlet概述
1 什么是Servlet
2 实现Servlet的方式（由我们自己来写！）
Servlet.java ：
public interface Servlet{
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;
public ServletConfig getServletConfig();
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException;
public String getServletInfo();
public void destroy();
}
Servlet中的方法大多数不由我们来调用，而是由Tomcat来调用。并且Servlet的对象也不由我们来创建，由Tomcat来创建！
3 创建helloservlet应用
HelloServlet.java ：
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {}
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {return null;}
public void destroy() {}
public String getServletInfo() {return null;}
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("hello servlet!");
}
}
我们暂时忽略Servlet中其他四个方法，只关心service()方法，因为它是用来处理请求的方法。我们在该方法内给出一条输出语句！
web.xml（下面内容需要背下来）：
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/helloworld</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
Servlet接口
1. Servlet的生命周期
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Servlet被创建了！");
}
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {return null;}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Servlet要离去了！");
}
public String getServletInfo() {return null;}
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("hello servlet!");
}
}
2 Servlet接口相关类型
在< servlet>元素中还可以配置初始化参数：(配置了两个初始化参数)
<servlet>
<servlet-name>One</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.OneServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>paramName1</param-name>
<param-value>paramValue1</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>paramName2</param-name>
<param-value>paramValue2</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
web.xml :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.AServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>p1</param-name>
<param-value>v1</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>p2</param-name>
<param-value>v2</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/AServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>yyy</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.EServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.FServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>yyy</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/EServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/FServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
AServlet.java
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
/*
* 查看Servlet接口中的方法
*/
public class AServlet implements Servlet {
/*
* 它也是生命周期方法
* 它会在Servlet被销毁之前调用，并且它只会被调用一次！
*/
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destory()...");
}
/*
* 可以用来获取Servlet的配置信息
*/
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
System.out.println("getServletConfig()...");
return null;
}
/*
* 获取Servlet的信息
*/
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
System.out.println("getServletInfo()...");
return "我是一个快乐的Servlet";
}
/*
* 它是生命周期方法
* 它会在Servlet对象创建之后马上执行，并只执行一次！（出生之后）
*
*/
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("init()...");
/*
* 获取初始化参数
*/
System.out.println(servletConfig.getInitParameter("p1"));
System.out.println(servletConfig.getInitParameter("p2"));
/*
* 获取所有初始化参数的名称
*/
Enumeration e = servletConfig.getInitParameterNames();
while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println(e.nextElement());
}
}
/*
* 它是生命周期方法
* 它会被调用多次！！！
* 每次处理请求都是在调用这个方法！
*/
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("service()...");
}
}
GenericServlet
1 GenericServlet概述
GenericServlet.java :
public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig,
java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private transient ServletConfig config;
public GenericServlet() {}
@Override
public void destroy() {}
@Override
public String getInitParameter(String name) {
return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
}
@Override
public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
return getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return config;
}
@Override
public ServletContext getServletContext() {
return getServletConfig().getServletContext();
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return "";
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { //实现了Servlet的init(ServletConfig)方法，
//把参数config赋给了本类的成员config，然后再调用本类自己的无参的init()方法。
this.config = config;
this.init();
}
public void init() throws ServletException {} //这个方法是GenericServlet自己的方法，
//而不是从Servlet继承下来的。当我们自定义Servlet时，如果想完成初始化作用就不要再
//重复init(ServletConfig)方法了，而是应该去重写init()方法。因为在GenericServlet中的
//init(ServletConfig)方法中保存了ServletConfig对象，如果覆盖了保存ServletConfig的代
//码，那么就不能再使用ServletConfig了。
public void log(String msg) {
getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + msg);
}
public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
getServletContext().log(getServletName() + ": " + message, t);
}
@Override
public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException;
@Override
public String getServletName() {
return config.getServletName();
}
}
2 GenericServlet的init()方法
3 实现了ServletConfig接口
BServlet.java :
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
/**
* 模拟GenericServlet
* @author cxf
*
*/
public class BServlet implements Servlet {
private ServletConfig config;
/*
* 需要就写，不需要就不写
*/
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("啊~我要死了！");
}
/*
* 请放心，这个方法一定会在init()方法之后被调用！
* init()被调用后，本类的成员this.config已经有值了！
*/
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return this.config;
}
/*
* 没有用的东西，爱实现不实现
*/
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return "我是一个快乐的Servlet";
}
/*
* 由Tomcat来调用，并且只调用一次
* 它是这些方法中第一个被调用的，它会在构造器之后马上被调用！
*/
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
// 把tomcat传递的Servletconfig赋值给本类的一个成员，其实就是把它保存起来，方便在其他方法中使用！
this.config = config;
init();
}
/*
* 这个方法是本类自己定义的！不是Servlet接口中的方法
*/
public void init() {
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 这里是否可以使用ServletConfig的成员呢？
*/
System.out.println("每次处理请求都会被调用！");
}
public ServletContext getServletContext() {
return config.getServletContext();
}
public String getServletName() {
return config.getServletName();
}
public String getInitParameter(String name) {
return config.getInitParameter(name);
}
}
CServlet extends BServlet :
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class CServlet extends BServlet {
@Override
public void init() {
System.out.println("哇～～～～，很高兴啊～～～");
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String value = getInitParameter("p1");
}
}
DServlet extends GenericServlet :
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class DServlet extends GenericServlet {
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("哈哈哈～我来也！");
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("hello world");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destory()");
}
}
HttpServlet
1 HttpServlet概述
2 HttpServlet覆盖了service()方法
首先配置web.xml文件 ：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.AServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>p1</param-name>
<param-value>v1</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>p2</param-name>
<param-value>v2</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/AServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>yyy</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.EServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.web.servlet.FServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>yyy</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/EServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/FServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
EServlet extends HttpServlet ：
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class EServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doPost()...");
}
}
发送get请求：
改为POST请求：
login.html :
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>login.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->
</head>
<body>
This is my HTML page. <br>
<form action="/day09_1/EServlet" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
直接创建servlet
HttpServlet.java :
public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
……
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try {
request = (HttpServletRequest) req; //强转
response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
}
service(request, response); //调用上面service()方法
}
……
}
3 doGet()和doPost()
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("hello doGet()...");
}
}
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("hello doPost()...");
}
}
Servlet细节
1 Servlet与线程安全
2 让服务器在启动时就创建Servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.Hello1Servlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> //在<servlet>中配置<load-on-startup>，其中给出一个非负整数！
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.Hello2Servlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.Hello3Servlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3 < url-pattern>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>AServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/AServlet</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/BServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
那么这说明一个Servlet绑定了两个URL，无论访问/AServlet还是/BServlet，访问的都是AServlet。
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.Hello1Servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.Hello2Servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4 web.xml文件的继承（了解）
conf/web.xml :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<servlet>
<!-- 它的优先级最低，如果一个请求没有人处理，那么它来处理！它显示404。 -->
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<!-- 当访问路径不存在时，会执行该Servlet！其实我们在访问index.html时也是在执行这个Servlet。 -->
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>fork</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<!-- 匹配所有URL，也就是说用户访问的URL路径没有匹配的页面时，那么执行的就是名为default的Servlet，即org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<!-- 任何URL后缀为jsp的访问，都会执行名为jsp的Servlet，即org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet -->
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.jspx</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<!-- session的默认超时时间为30分钟，后面讲session时再深入。 -->
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<!-- 这里省略了大概4000多行的MIME类型的定义,这里只给出两种MIME类型的定义 -->
<!-- MIME类型用来标识网络上资源的媒体类型，这里举例为bmp和html两种MIME类型。 -->
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bmp</extension>
<mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>htm</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!-- 在应用的web.xml中如果没有对<welcome-file-list>进行覆盖，那么默认主页为index.html、index.html、index.jsp -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
ServletContext（重要）
1 ServletContext概述
2 获取ServletContext
public class MyServlet implements Servlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) {
ServletContext context = config.getServletContext();
}
…
}
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
}
}
3 域对象的功能
域对象就是用来在多个Servlet中传递数据！！！
——域对象必须有要存数据功能
——域对象必须要有取数据功能
域对象内部其实有一个Map
web.xml :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name></display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>AServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.AServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>BServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.BServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.CServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.DServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>AServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/AServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>BServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/BServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/CServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/DServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<context-param>
<param-name>context-param</param-name>
<param-value>context-value</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
AServlet.java :
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 演示向Servletcontext中保存数据
* @author cxf
*
*/
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 1. 获取ServletContext对象
* 2. 调用其setAttribute()方法完成保存数据
*/
ServletContext application = this.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("name", "张三");
}
}
BServlet.java :
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 演示从ServletContext中获取数据
*/
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 1. 获取ServletContext对象
* 2. 调用其getAttribute()方法完成获取数据
*/
ServletContext application = this.getServletContext();
String name = (String)application.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(name);
}
}
4 获取应用初始化参数
还可以使用ServletContext来获取在web.xml文件中配置的应用初始化参数！注意，应用初始化参数与Servlet初始化参数不同：
web.xml :
<web-app ...>
...
<context-param>
<param-name>paramName1</param-name>
<param-value>paramValue1</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>paramName2</param-name>
<param-value>paramValue2</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String value1 = context.getInitParameter("paramName1");
String value2 = context.getInitParameter("paramName2");
System.out.println(value1 + ", " + value2);
Enumeration names = context.getInitParameterNames();
while(names.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println(names.nextElement());
}
5 获取资源相关方法
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 使用ServletContext获取资源路径
* @author cxf
*
*/
public class DServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 它得到的是有盘符的路径：F:/xxx/xxx/xx/
* F:\JavaEE20140508\apache-tomcat-7.0.42\webapps\day09_2\index.jsp
*/
String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/index.jsp");
System.out.println(path);
/*
* 获取资源的路径后，再创建出输入流对象！
*/
InputStream input = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/index.jsp");
/*
* 获取当前路径下所有资源的路径！
*/
Set<String> paths = this.getServletContext().getResourcePaths("/WEB-INF");
System.out.println(paths);
}
}
6 练习：访问量统计
相信各位一定见过很多访问量统计的网站，即“本页面被访问过XXX次”。
因为无论是哪个用户访问指定页面，都会累计访问量，所以这个访问量统计应该是整个项目共享的！
很明显，这需要使用ServletContext来保存访问量。
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 统计访问量
* @author cxf
*
*/
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 1. 获取ServletContext对象
* 2. 从ServletContext对象中获取名为count的属性
* 3. 如果存在：给访问量加1，然后再保存回去；
* 4. 如果不存在：说明是第一次访问，向Servletcontext中保存名为count的属性，值为1
*/
ServletContext app = this.getServletContext();
Integer count = (Integer)app.getAttribute("count");
if(count == null) {
app.setAttribute("count", 1);
} else {
app.setAttribute("count", count+1);
}
/*
* 向浏览器输出
* 需要使用响应对象！
*/
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().print("<h1>本页面一共被访问" + count + "次！</h1>");
app.setAttribute("count", count);
}
}
获取类路径下资源
这里要讲的是获取类路径下的资源，对于JavaWeb应用而言，就是获取classes目录下的资源。
InputStream in = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/xxx.txt");
System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(in));
InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("xxx.txt");
System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(in));
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
/**
* 演示获取类路径下的资源
* @author cxf
*
*/
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 1. 得到ClassLoader
* > 先得到Class，再得到ClassLoader
* 2. 调用其getResourceAsStream()，得到一个InputStream
*/
// ClassLoader cl = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
// 相对/classes
// InputStream input = cl.getResourceAsStream("cn/itcast/servlet/a.txt");
Class c = this.getClass();
// 相对当前.class文件所在目录！
// InputStream input = c.getResourceAsStream("a.txt");
// 相对classes下！
// InputStream input = c.getResourceAsStream("/a.txt");
InputStream input = c.getResourceAsStream("/../../index.jsp");
String s = IOUtils.toString(input);//读取输入流内容，转换成字符串返回
System.out.println(s);
}
}
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