Linux命令四

vim/vi命令

1.1三种模式

在这里插入图片描述vi三种模式

常用
wq:保存退出
!wq:强制保存退出
!q:强制退出

1.2粘贴的坑

粘贴一定在编辑模式下进行,否则会丢失某些内容
eg:
123
11
115
119
abc
在命令模式下粘贴结果(丢失内容)
[root@pxj31 tmp]# cat test.log 
bc

1.3找error信息

[root@pxj31 tmp]# cat hbase-pxj-hadoop53.log |grep -C 10 ERROR >error.log 
[root@pxj31 tmp]# more error.log 
SZ实现上下翻动内容
搜索
[root@pxj31 tmp]# vi error.log 
:/关键词 回车匹配
进入尾行模式:/关键词 回车自动匹配  按N键找寻下一个

1.4 设置行号

进入尾行模式:
set nu
set nonu
[root@pxj31 tmp]# vi error.log 
: set nu 

1.5 清空内容

cat /dev/null > xxx.log 完美
echo '' > xxx.log 存在1个字节
在不需要再在文件写入内容可以使用cat /dev/null > xxx.log
在需要清空内容在写入内容时:
命令行模式常见的快捷键:
dd 删除当前行
dG 删除光标当前及以下的所有行
ndd 删除光标当前及以下的n行
gg 跳转到第一行的第一个字母
G  跳转到最后一行的第一个字母
shift+$ 行尾
gg+dG
在大数据的应用
场景: 从另外一个文本拷贝内容去覆盖这个文件
大数据的组件都是xml文件
1.官方的默认的配置文件 xxxxxxx 30行
2.window记事本 editplus  编辑好对应的参数 300
坑: cp备份
mysql的 my.cnf 
原则上先备份,再覆盖

2.系统命令

2.1磁盘

[root@pxj31 tmp]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   47G  6.0G   41G   13% /
devtmpfs                 1.3G     0  1.3G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.3G     0  1.3G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.3G  9.0M  1.3G    1% /run
tmpfs                    1.3G     0  1.3G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  179M  836M   18% /boot
tmpfs                    266M   12K  266M    1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                    266M     0  266M    0% /run/user/0

2.2查看内存

[root@pxj31 tmp]# free -m (内存显示的单位是MB)
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           2657        1019         334           9        1303        1433
Swap:          2047           0        2047
[root@pxj31 tmp]# free -g (内存显示的单位是MB)
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:              2           0           0           0           1           1
Swap:             1           0           1

2.3负载

[root@pxj31 tmp]# top
top - 00:42:50 up 59 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 149 total,   1 running, 148 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.2 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  2721064 total,   340636 free,  1045804 used,  1334624 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097148 free,        0 used.  1466900 avail Mem 
解释:load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
                    1min  5min 15min 
经验之谈:
      经验值 不要超过10  否则认为此物理服务器 IDC机房
  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                
  1483 mssql     20   0 3369652 759248   9452 S   0.7 27.9   0:51.26 sqlservr                                                                               
     1 root      20   0  128164   6816   4048 S   0.0  0.3   0:01.57 systemd                                                                                
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd                                                                               
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0                                                                            
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 
     

3.查看进程 查看端口号

3.1进程

[root@pxj31 ~]# ps -ef|grep ssh
root       1017      1  0 11月17 ?      00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root       3138   1017  0 00:47 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root       3192   3146  0 00:47 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ssh
[root@pxj31 ~]# ps -ef|grep ssh |grep -v grep
root       1017      1  0 11月17 ?      00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root       3138   1017  0 00:47 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1
进程用户   进程的pid 父id                         进程用户的内容(进程所属的目录 log -Xmx -Xms)

3.2端口号

[root@pxj31 ~]# netstat -nlp | grep 1017
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1017/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1017/sshd           
[root@pxj31 ~]# netstat -nlp | grep ssh
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1017/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1017/sshd      
通过pid找port
1: 启动一个进程 ps 必须
2: 可能启动一个port  netstat 不是必须

3.3安装服务,打开web

[root@pxj31 ~]# yum -y install httpd
启动服务6与7的区别
 [root@pxj31 ~]# service httpd start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start httpd.service
[root@pxj31 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service 
 改进后的好处是 systemctl start|restart|stop| httpd.service 可接多个服务
 [root@pxj31 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service 
[root@pxj31 ~]# ps -ef|grep httpd
root       3403      1  0 00:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     3405   3403  0 00:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     3406   3403  0 00:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     3407   3403  0 00:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     3408   3403  0 00:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache     3409   3403  0 00:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root       3452   3146  0 00:57 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto httpd
[root@pxj31 ~]# netstat -lnp |grep 3403
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      3403/httpd      
[root@pxj31 ~]# curl 192.168.25.31:80
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"><html><head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <title>Apache HTTP Server Test Page powered by CentOS</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
......省略内容
常见的端口
http协议  80
https协议 443 

大数据应用场景

场景: 在centos部署大数据组件,发现一个错误 Connection refused  防火墙 web  iptables
ping ip 测试ip
telnet ip port 测试ip和端口号 
部署telnet命令
    window  cmd黑窗口 不带 telnet命令 ,需要去安装一下 重启电脑
    Linux 
 [root@pxj31 ~]# yum -y install telnet
[root@pxj31 ~]# which telnet
/usr/bin/telnet
telent具体应用
[root@pxj31 ~]# telnet 192.168.25.31 80
Trying 192.168.25.31...
Connected to 192.168.25.31.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.
面试题:老板说去A服务器login,打开xxx软件的web界面?
解决思路:
 ip: window : ipconfig
     linux:   ifconfig
 ps -ef|grep xxx eg:ps -ef|grep ssh
netstat -nlp |grep pid ==》port
 引发思考的问题及解决:
 eg:
 [root@pxj31 ~]# ps -ef |grep ssh
root       1019      1  0 08:24 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root       1911   1019  0 08:25 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root       2151   1019  0 08:36 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root       2464   1920  0 08:50 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ssh
0.0.0.0:22 当前的ip
:::22      当前的ip
192.168.25.31:22 当前的ip
注意:
127.0.0.1:22 本地自己访问自己  window和其他服务器无法进行访问
localhost:22
修改
[root@pxj31 conf]# vim  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
Listen 127.0.0.1:80
[root@pxj31 conf]# service httpd restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@pxj31 conf]# ps -aux|grep httpd
root      13665  0.1  0.1 226220  5148 ?        Ss   23:18   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    13666  0.0  0.1 228304  3152 ?        S    23:18   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    13667  0.0  0.1 228304  3152 ?        S    23:18   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    13668  0.0  0.1 228304  3152 ?        S    23:18   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    13669  0.0  0.1 228304  3152 ?        S    23:18   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    13670  0.0  0.1 228304  3152 ?        S    23:18   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root      13726  0.0  0.0 112676   984 pts/0    S+   23:19   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
[root@pxj31 conf]# netstat -lnp |grep 13665
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:80            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13665/httpd         
[root@pxj31 conf]# telnet  192.168.25.31 80
Trying 192.168.25.31...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.25.31: Connection refused
说明:实验结果是拒绝连接
1.以后遇到此类问题,先ps -ef 再netstat -lnp查看如果遇到127.0.0.1或localhost时说明仅仅是允许自己访问,不允许外部访问

高危命令总结

rm -fr 

rm -fr /
高危命令,可能导致系统损坏无法修复
修改生产文件时
首先要复制一份,作为备份
vi 生产配置文件 100行 保存==》 cp xxx.xml xxx.xml20191117
ps 进程 xxx,top命令查询夯住的 / 删除xxx进程
kill -9 进程pid
kill -9 进程pid 进程pid 进程pid
kill -9 $(pgrep -f 匹配关键词)
杀进程之前,先ps 找到相关的进程,搞清楚,哪些是你要杀的,不然造成生产事故
eg:
[root@pxj31 conf]# ps -ef|grep httpd
root      15407      1  0 23:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    15408  15407  0 23:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    15409  15407  0 23:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    15410  15407  0 23:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    15411  15407  0 23:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    15412  15407  0 23:44 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root      15479  13227  0 23:45 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto httpd
[root@pxj31 conf]# echo $(pgrep httpd)
15407 15408 15409 15410 15411 15412
[root@pxj31 conf]# echo $(pgrep -f  httpd)
15407 15408 15409 15410 15411 15412
[root@pxj31 conf]# kill -9 $(pgrep -f  httpd)
[root@pxj31 conf]# pgrep -f httpd

5.安装yum软件

yum search xxx
yum install -y xxx-yyy
yum remove xxx-yyy
查看是否安装
[root@pxj31 conf]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@pxj31 conf]# rpm -qa|grep -i  httpd
httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
说明 -i不区分大小写
[root@pxj31 conf]# rpm -e  httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
错误:依赖检测失败:
    httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos 被 (已安裝) httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
说明:需要先卸载依赖
先删除httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
--nodeps  不校验,直接删除
[root@pxj31 conf]# rpm -e --nodeps  httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64

6.wget下载安装包

wget http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2.tar.gz
wget http://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-3.1-zh_CN.zip

7.压缩

zip
[root@pxj31 tmp]# zip -r tmp.zip ./*   在文件里
  adding: a.log (stored 0%)
  adding: error_1.log (deflated 95%)
  adding: error.log (deflated 95%)
  adding: firefox_root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: firefox_root/.parentlock (stored 0%)
  adding: hbase-pxj-hadoop53.log (deflated 95%)
  adding: hsperfdata_root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: messages (deflated 85%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-chronyd.service-a78miS/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-chronyd.service-a78miS/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-colord.service-25SVw7/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-colord.service-25SVw7/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-cups.service-Hr2ZZt/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-cups.service-Hr2ZZt/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-rtkit-daemon.service-TFVNLS/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-rtkit-daemon.service-TFVNLS/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vgauthd.service-Q2Boun/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vgauthd.service-Q2Boun/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vmtoolsd.service-yWYxY6/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vmtoolsd.service-yWYxY6/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vmtoolsd.service-yWYxY6/tmp/vmware-root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test.log (stored 0%)
  adding: tracker-extract-files.0/ (stored 0%)
  adding: yum_save_tx.2019-11-10.23-38.itmg0I.yumtx (deflated 91%)
在文件夹外
[root@pxj31 /]# zip -r tmp.zip tmp/*
  adding: tmp/a.log (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/error_1.log (deflated 95%)
  adding: tmp/error.log (deflated 95%)
  adding: tmp/firefox_root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/firefox_root/.parentlock (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/hbase-pxj-hadoop53.log (deflated 95%)
  adding: tmp/hsperfdata_root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/messages (deflated 85%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-chronyd.service-a78miS/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-chronyd.service-a78miS/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-colord.service-25SVw7/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-colord.service-25SVw7/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-cups.service-Hr2ZZt/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-cups.service-Hr2ZZt/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-rtkit-daemon.service-TFVNLS/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-rtkit-daemon.service-TFVNLS/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vgauthd.service-Q2Boun/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vgauthd.service-Q2Boun/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vmtoolsd.service-yWYxY6/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vmtoolsd.service-yWYxY6/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/systemd-private-8d8a03201f2e4dbc99dbb7f2e0d6d29c-vmtoolsd.service-yWYxY6/tmp/vmware-root/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/test.log (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/tmp.zip (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/tracker-extract-files.0/ (stored 0%)
  adding: tmp/yum_save_tx.2019-11-10.23-38.itmg0I.yumtx (deflated 91%)
[root@pxj31 /]#unzip tmp.zip

tar

 大数据组件的压缩包几乎都是后缀 tar.gz
tar -xzvf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2.tar.gz
tar -czvf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2.tar.gz  hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2/*


Examples:
  tar -cf archive.tar foo bar  # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
  tar -tvf archive.tar         # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
  tar -xf archive.tar          # Extract all files from archive.tar.
 [root@pxj31 opt]# tar -zxvf maxwell-1.23.2.tar.gz 
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