Spring学习2

Spring学习2

中文文档：https://blog.csdn.net/li1376417539/article/details/104951358
https://snailclimb.gitee.io/javaguide/#/

1. 依赖注入------Set注入

• 创建Address类

public class Address {

    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Address() {
    }
}

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties properties;


    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", properties=" + properties +
                '}';
    }
}

• 创建Student类

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties properties;


    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", properties=" + properties +
                '}';
    }
}

• applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="address" class="com.lyb.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="深圳"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.lyb.pojo.Student">

        <!--普通值注入-->
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>

        <!--bean注入-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <!--数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>java</value>
                <value>c++</value>
            </array>
        </property>


        <!--list集合注入-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>足球</value>
                <value>篮球</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!--map注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="12343423"/>
                <entry key="校园卡" value="23234343"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!--Set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>lol</value>
                <value>bob</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!--Properties-->
        <property name="properties">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">张三</prop>
                <prop key="password">123</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

        <!--null-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

    </bean>

</beans>

• 测试

   @Test
    public void  Test1(){

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");


        System.out.println(student.toString());

    }

• 结果

Student{name=‘张三’, address=com.lyb.pojo.Address@481a15ff, books=[java, c++], hobbies=[足球, 篮球], card={身份证=12343423, 校园卡=23234343}, games=[lol, bob], wife=‘null’, properties={password=123, username=张三}}

2. bean 的自动装配------XML

<!--使用byName自动装配
            会在容器中寻找和对象set方法后的名字对应的beanId  如：setApple id="apple"-->
    <bean id="people" class="lyb.pojo.People" autowire="byName">
        <property name="name" value="李四"/>
    </bean>

<!--使用byType自动装配
            会在容器中寻找和对象属性类型相同的bean -->
    <bean id="people" class="lyb.pojo.People" autowire="byName">
        <property name="name" value="李四"/>
    </bean>

3. bean 的自动装配------使用注解 @Autowired 进行装配

@Autowired注解优先使用根据类型进行标注装配

配置applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>

</beans>

注意：使用注解要引入命名空间，并且使用<context:annotation-config/>开启注解。

除此之外：@Qualifier配合 @Autowired使用 可以指定唯一的bean对象注入！

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "apple1")
    private Apple apple;

4. 使用注解开发

配置applicationContest.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

   <context:annotation-config/>
    <!--配置注解扫描包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lyb.pojo"/>

</beans>

注意：使用<context:annotation-config/>开启注解，使用<context:component-scan base-package="com.lyb.pojo"/>配置扫描包。

• @Component ：相当于<bean id="user" class="com.lyb.pojo.User"></bean> beanId=实体类名小写：user

• @Value：相当于<property name="name" value="zhnagsan"/>

@Component
public class Eat {
    @Value("米饭")
    public String rice;

    @Value("苹果")
    public String apple;
}

• 配置类
  @Configuration： 说明该类为配置类。
  @ComponentScan： 扫描包。
  @Bean： 通过方法注册一个bean，这里的返回值就Bean的类型，方法名就是bean的id！

@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {

    @Bean
    public User user(){
        return new User();
    }
}

@Component
public class User {
//    public String name = "李四";
    @Value("李四")
    public String name;
}

public class SpringTest {
    @Test
    public void Test1(){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);

        User user = (User) applicationContext.getBean("user");

        System.out.println(user.name);

    }
}

注意： 配置类使用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);读取配置文件。

• @Import()： 当有多个配置类时，可以在配置类中使用 @Import() 导入其他配置类。