SpringBoot入门学习（8） ---熔断器(Hystix)(SpringCloud-3)

参考链接:https://blog.csdn.net/chenhaotao/article/details/78716608?locationNum=10&fps=1

熔断器:当服务不可用的时候迅速返回一个错误而不是超时等待

1\引入依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

2\ 添加注解@EnableHystrix开启hystrix功能

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrix
public class CustomerApplication {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        // 这次我们使用了OkHttp客户端,只需要注入工厂即可
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CustomerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3\添加注解@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = “method”)指定熔断点并指定熔断方法

@RestController
public class CustomerController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;// Eureka客户端，可以获取到服务实例信息

    @RequestMapping("/customer")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "testError")
    public String queryUserById(){
        List<String> users = new ArrayList<>();
        // 地址直接写服务名称即可
        String baseUrl = "http://userserver/user/7/";
        System.out.println(baseUrl);
            // 我们测试多次查询，
        users.add(this.restTemplate.getForObject(baseUrl, String.class));
        return users.toString();
    }
    public String testError(){
        return "sorry, "+"访问 SERVICE-HELLO服务 出错";
    }
}

Feign
Feign可以把Rest的请求进行隐藏，伪装成类似SpringMVC的Controller一样。你不用再自己拼接url，拼接参数等等操作，一切都交给Feign去做。
feign已经自带断容器不需要再单独引用hystrix依赖，只不过在feign中熔断器功能默认是未打开的，需要在配置文件中开启。
在application.yml中开启熔断器

feign:
  hystrix:
      enabled: true

导入依赖

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

还要再加一个,不然会报错:java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

开启feign

@EnableFeignClients
@SpringCloudApplication
public class CustomerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CustomerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

调用

@RestController
public class CustomerController {

    @Autowired
    private UserFeignClient userFeignClient;

    @RequestMapping("/customer")
    public String queryUserById(){
        System.out.println("test feign");
        return  userFeignClient.testService();
    }

}

FeignClient书写

@FeignClient(value ="userserver",fallback = FeignServiceFallback.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {
    @GetMapping(value = "/user/7/")
    String testService();
}

回滚函数书写

@Component
public class FeignServiceFallback implements UserFeignClient {
    @Override
    public String testService() {
        return "ERRORS     111111111111111";
    }
}

启动测试就,正常情况会调用userserver,如果userserver服务不可用们就会调用回滚函数FeignServiceFallback.