随记——C++传参、取址运算符

一直对C++中“ * ”、“ & ”这两个运算符感觉很懵，心血来潮做个程序试验试验，加深一下对其的理解，顺便做个笔记。

一、取址符“&”与引用“&”

int x = 12;    
int* p = &x;    //定义int*类型变量并初始化，指针变量*p指向x的地址，p的值为x的地址值
cout << "p: " << p << endl;
cout << "*p: " << *p << endl;

显然，上面这段代码中p的值为x的地址值，即&x的值；而*p的值为x的值：12

//function1-a
void function1(int* p) {
	int x = 12;
	p = &x;
	cout << "p: " << p << endl;
	cout << "*p: " << *p << endl;
}
int main() {
	int* a = new int;
	int b = 1;
	*a = b;
	cout << "a:" << a << endl;
	cout << "*a:" << *a << endl;
	function1(a);
	cout << "a:" << a << endl;
	cout << "*a:" << *a << endl;
	delete a;
	system("pause");
}

运行结果如下：

 

//function1-b
void function1(int* p) {
	int x = 12;
	p = &x;
	cout << "p: " << p << endl;
	cout << "*p: " << *p << endl;
}
int main() {
	int b = 1;
	cout << "&b:" << &b << endl;
	cout << "b:" << b << endl;
	function1(&b);
	cout << "&b:" << &b << endl;
	cout << "b:" << b << endl;
	system("pause");
}

 运行结果如下：

//function2
void function2(int* &p) {
	int x = 12;
	p = &x;
	cout << "p: " << p << endl;
	cout << "*p: " << *p << endl;
}int main() {
	int* a = new int;
	int b = 1;
	*a = b;
	cout << "a:" << a << endl;
	cout << "*a:" << *a << endl;
	function2(a);
	cout << "a:" << a << endl;
	cout << "*a:" << *a << endl;
	delete a;
	system("pause");
}

运行结果如下：

可以看出，当参数是“ *& ”类型时，这是C++中的一种类型，其参数本质上还是引用类型，是(type)*类型的引用。以function2中int* &p为例，p是int*类型的引用参数，因此在调用函数时参数类型必须为int*型，按程序中的定义，似function2(b)这样书写是错误的。

二、传参，继续理解“*&”

//function3
void swap1(int* &p, int* &q) {
	int* temp;
	temp = p;
	p = q;
	q = temp;
	cout << "p and q: " << p << "  " << q << endl;
	cout << "*p and *q: " << *p << "  " << *q << endl;
	cout << "*&p and *&q: " << *&p << "  " << *&q << endl;
}

void swap2(int* &p, int* &q) {
	int* temp = new int;
	*temp = *p;
	*p = *q;
	*q = *temp;
	cout << "p and q: " << p << "  " << q << endl;
	cout << "*p and *q: " << *p << "  " << *q << endl;
	cout << "*&p and *&q: " << *&p << "  " << *&q << endl;
	delete temp;
}

int main() {
	int* a, * b ;
	a = new int; b = new int;
	*a = 1; *b = 2;
	cout << "a and b: " << a << "  " << b << endl;
	cout << "*a and *b: " << *a << "  " << *b << endl;
	
	swap1(a, b);

	//swap2(a, b);

	cout << "a and b: " << a << "  " << b << endl;
	cout << "*a and *b: " << *a << "  " << *b << endl;
	delete a, b;
	system("pause");
}

swap1运行结果如下：

swap2运行结果如下：

可以看出，在swap1(a,b)中，其参数p、q直接引用a、b本身，最终结果是*a与*b二者互换指向，即地址与值都互换。而swap2(a,b)中，由于在swap2函数中只进行了值的互换，对地址并无影响，所以结果中最终*a、*b的值被互换，但所指地址并未改变。