命令模式:将请求封装成对象,从而可使用不同的请求对客户进行参数化,对请求进行排队,撤销等操作。
特点:
Invoker:负责接收和执行命令,也可对命令排队,执行命令撤销等等;
Command:命令接口,声明了相关的操作;
ConcreteCommand:具体的命令, 持有一个Receiver,并通过调用Receiver的方法执行具体的操作;
Receiver:请求的最终执行者。
基础代码:
- //
- package designpattern.command;
- public interface Command {
- public void execute();
- }
- //
- package designpattern.command;
- public class Invoker {
- private Command command;
- //当然更好的作法是维护一个命令队列
- //这样就可以实现对命令进行排序,撤销命令等操作。
- //List commands = new ArrayList();
- public void setCommand(Command com){
- this.command = com;
- }
- public void executeCommand(){
- this.command.execute();
- }
- }
- //
- package designpattern.command;
- public class ConcreteCommand1 implements Command {
- private Receiver receiver;
- public ConcreteCommand1(Receiver r){
- this.receiver = r;
- }
- public void execute() {
- System.out.println("This is concrete command 1, the request will be executed by recriver.");
- receiver.action();
- }
- }
- //
- package designpattern.command;
- public class ConcreteCommand2 implements Command {
- private Receiver receiver;
- public ConcreteCommand2(Receiver r){
- this.receiver = r;
- }
- public void execute() {
- System.out.println("This is concrete command 2, the request will be executed by recriver.");
- receiver.action();
- }
- }
- //
- package designpattern.command;
- public class Receiver {
- private String name;
- public Receiver(String name){
- this.name = name;
- }
- public void action(){
- System.out.println("I am recriver " + name + ", action executed.");
- }
- }
- //客户端测试类
- package designpattern.command;
- public class Client {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Command c1 = new ConcreteCommand1(new Receiver("1"));
- Command c2 = new ConcreteCommand2(new Receiver("2"));
- Invoker invoker = new Invoker();
- invoker.setCommand(c1);
- invoker.executeCommand();
- invoker.setCommand(c2);
- invoker.executeCommand();
- }
- }
举例说明:去烧烤店吃烧烤, 如果客人直接和烧烤的伙计打交道, 则烧烤的伙计将直接面对各种各样的客户各种各样的需求,各种各样的口味, 而且有的客人会因为等不及而走掉,但是伙计却不知道......最后烧烤伙计手忙脚乱,就乱套了. 那么我们用命令模式来改进一下这个烧烤店: 增加一个服务员, 负责接待客户, 那么客人将向服务员点菜; 服务员手中拿着烧烤订单纸, 客人只要把自己想要的东西写上, 并注明口味, 这就是命令, 服务员需按客人点餐的顺序把订单放在烧烤伙计的窗台上, 如果有客人退单了, 那么她只需要把订单抽掉就行了; 烧烤伙计则只需要看订单安心做烧烤就行了.
代码就不写了. 和上面如出一辙.
优点:
很容易构造一个命令队列;
增加命令的状态,实现命令的撤销和重做;
新的命令轻而易举可以加入其中;
记录相关的命令日志.