图像处理------＞获取图像特征

获取特征

在进行第一遍扫线后，我们当然希望能够尽可能的获取图像的特征，让我们对于当前的图像有个大体的认识，方便我们进行特殊元素的判断。
因此在第一遍扫线结束后，我对获取的左线，右线和中线进行处理，获得如下的特征：

 Left_lian[i]//左线第i行到第几行之间是连续的
 Right_lian[i]//右线第i行到第几行之间是连续的
 L_start//左线最小的非丢线行
 R_start//右线最小的非丢线行
 low_lose_number//前20行丢线行数
 Left_lose[i]//左线到第i行为止的丢线数
 Right_lose[i]//右线到第i行为止的丢线数
 Left_lose_sum//左线的总丢线数
 Right_lose_sum//右线的总丢线数
 variance_Left//左线方差
 variance_Right//右线方差
 variance_Left_40 //左线方差超过40的行数
 variance_Right_40 //右线方差超过40的行数
 variance_LCenter_40 //中线方差超过40行数

取斜率函数

这个函数用的是比较多的，其实就是最小二乘法求出斜率之后记录下来

        byte Get_stright_line(byte rec_1, byte end_1, byte rec_2, byte end_2, byte type)//最小二乘法拟合直线
        {
            if (rec_1 < 0) rec_1 = 0;
            if (end_1 < 0) end_1 = 0;
            if (rec_2 < 0) rec_2 = 0;
            if (end_2 < 0) end_2 = 0;
            byte n = 0;
            int x_add = 0;
            int y_add = 0;
            int xy_add = 0;
            int xx_add = 0;
            if (type == 0)
            {
                for (byte i = rec_1; i < 60 && i < end_1; i++)
                {
                    x_add += i;
                    y_add += L_black[i];
                    xx_add += i * i;
                    xy_add += i * L_black[i];
                    n++;
                }
                for (byte i = rec_2; i < 60 && i < end_2 && i > end_1; i++)
                {
                    x_add += i;
                    y_add += L_black[i];
                    xx_add += i * i;
                    xy_add += i * L_black[i];
                    n++;
                }
            }
            else if (type == 1)
            {
                for (byte i = rec_1; i < 60 && i < end_1; i++)
                {
                    x_add += i;
                    y_add += R_black[i];
                    xx_add += i * i;
                    xy_add += i * R_black[i];
                    n++;
                }
                for (byte i = rec_2; i < 60 && i < end_2 && i > end_1; i++)
                {
                    x_add += i;
                    y_add += R_black[i];
                    xx_add += i * i;
                    xy_add += i * R_black[i];
                    n++;
                }
            }
            else if (type == 2)
            {
                for (byte i = rec_1; i < 60 && i < end_1; i++)
                {
                    x_add += i;
                    y_add += LCenter[i];
                    xx_add += i * i;
                    xy_add += i * LCenter[i];
                    n++;
                }
                for (byte i = rec_2; i < 60 && i < end_2 && i > end_1; i++)
                {
                    x_add += i;
                    y_add += LCenter[i];
                    xx_add += i * i;
                    xy_add += i * LCenter[i];
                    n++;
                }
            }
            double x_bar = x_add * 1.0 / n;
            double y_bar = y_add * 1.0 / n;
            double xx_bar = xx_add * 1.0 / n;
            double xy_bar = xy_add * 1.0 / n;
            if (n < 2)
            {
                if (type == 0)
                {
                    curve_a = k_left;
                    curve_b = b_left;
                }
                else if (type == 1)
                {
                    curve_a = k_right;
                    curve_b = b_right;
                }
                else
                {
                    curve_a = k_left + k_right;
                    curve_b = (b_right + b_left) / 2;
                }
                return n;
            }
            curve_a = (float)((xy_bar - x_bar * y_bar) / (xx_bar - x_bar * x_bar)); //拟合直线斜率
            curve_b = (float)(y_bar - curve_a * x_bar);//拟合直线的常数项
            return n;
        }

求方差函数

求方差用的其实就是最小二乘法
首先取一段边线得到左线的斜率，之后求方差

        int Get_variance(byte type)//求方差
        {
            if (type == 0) Get_stright_line(L_start, (byte)(Lose_line * 0.80), 68, 68, type);
            else if (type == 1) Get_stright_line(R_start, (byte)(Lose_line * 0.80), 68, 68, type);
            else if (type == 2) Get_stright_line(15, 27, 68, 68, type);
            if (type == 0)
            {
                k_left = curve_a;
                b_left = curve_b;
            }
            else if (type == 1)
            {
                k_right = curve_a;
                b_right = curve_b;
            }
            else if (type == 2)
            {
                k_middle = curve_a;
                b_middle = curve_b;
            }
            double ans = 0;
            for (byte i = 0; i < Lose_line && i < 55; i++)
            {
                int num = (int)(curve_a * i + curve_b);
                if (num > 185) num = 185;
                if (num < 0) num = 0;
                if (type == 0) ans += (float)(L_black[i] - num) * (L_black[i] - num) / Lose_line;
                else if (type == 1) ans += (float)(R_black[i] - num) * (R_black[i] - num) / Lose_line;
                else if (type == 2) ans += (float)(LCenter[i] - num) * (LCenter[i] - num) / Lose_line;
                if (ans > 10000) break;
                if (ans > 40 && variance_Left_40 == 68 && type == 0)
                {
                    variance_Left_40 = i;
                    //            SetText("左超40点" + variance_Left_40);
                }
                if (ans > 40 && variance_Right_40 == 68 && type == 1)
                {
                    variance_Right_40 = i;
                    //            SetText("右超40点" + variance_Right_40);
                }
                if (ans > 40 && variance_LCenter_40 == 68 && type == 2)
                {
                    variance_LCenter_40 = i;
                    //            SetText("中线超40" + variance_LCenter_40);
                }

            }
            return (int)ans;
        }

完整代码

        void image_get_data()
        {
            for (byte i = 0; i < 69; i++)
            {
                if (i > 1)
                {
                    if (my_abs(my_abs(L_black[i], L_black[i - 1]), my_abs(L_black[i - 1], L_black[i - 2])) < 3
                        || (my_abs(my_abs(L_black[i], L_black[i - 1]), my_abs(L_black[i], L_black[i + 1])) < 3 && my_abs(L_black[i], L_black[i - 1]) < number_lian)) Left_lian[i] = Left_lian[i - 1];
                    else Left_lian[i] = i;
                    if (my_abs(my_abs(R_black[i], R_black[i - 1]), my_abs(R_black[i - 1], R_black[i - 2])) < 3
                        || (my_abs(my_abs(R_black[i], R_black[i - 1]), my_abs(R_black[i], R_black[i + 1])) < 3 && my_abs(R_black[i], R_black[i - 1]) < number_lian)) Right_lian[i] = Right_lian[i - 1];
                    else Right_lian[i] = i;
                }
                if ((L_black[i] != 185 || i > Lose_line) && L_start == 69) L_start = i;
                if ((R_black[i] != 0 || i > Lose_line) && R_start == 69) R_start = i;
                if (i <= 20 && L_black[i] == 185 && R_black[i] == 0) low_lose_number++;
                if (i != 0) Left_lose[i] = Left_lose[i - 1];
                if (i != 0) Right_lose[i] = Right_lose[i - 1];
                if (L_black[i] == 185 && i < Lose_line)
                {
                    Left_lose[i]++;
                    Left_lose_sum++;
                }
                if (R_black[i] == 0 && i < Lose_line)
                {
                    Right_lose[i]++;
                    Right_lose_sum++;
                }
            }
            variance_Left = Get_variance(0);
            variance_Right = Get_variance(1);
        }