Rust语言——接收命令行参数实例

首先cargo new minigrep 创建一个名为minigrep的项目文件

cd minigrep 进入文件

code . 用vscode打开该文件

我们为了使项目看着整洁，在main.rs中写调用实现，在lib.rs中写方法实现

由于项目需要，创建一个poem.txt的文件

main.rs中的代码

use std::env;
use std::process;
use minigrep::{Config, run};

fn main(){
    let args:Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
    
    let config = Config::new(&args).unwrap_or_else(|err|{
        eprintln!("Problem parsing argument: {}", err);//标准错误输出
        process::exit(0);
    });//Result下的方法unwrap_or_else()若Ok则把Ok中值赋到前面变量

    if let Err(e) = run(config){
        eprintln!("Application error:{}", e);//标准错误输出
        process::exit(0);
    }
}
// cargo run I poem.txt > output.txt 命令可以将编译成功的结果输出到output.txt中
// 而错误的结果通过eprintln!输出到终端

lib.rs中的代码

use std::fs;
use std::error::Error;
use std::env;
pub fn run(config:Config)->Result<(), Box<dyn Error>>{//()代表返回为空
    let contents = 
    fs::read_to_string(config.filename)?;//? 发生错误将错误值返回给函数的调用者处理
    let result = {if config.case_sensitive{
        search(&config.query, &contents)
    }else{
        search_case_insensitive(&config.query, &contents)
    }
};
    for line in result{
        println!("{}", line);
    }
    Ok(())
}
impl Config{
    pub fn new(args:&Vec<String>)->Result<Config, &str>{
        if args.len()<3{
            return Err("not enough arguments");
        }
        let q = args[1].clone();
        let f = args[2].clone();
        let r = env::var("CASE_INSENSITIVE").is_err();//CASE_INSENSITIVE=1 cargo run I poem.txt命令会输出不区分大小写的行
        Ok(Config{
            query:q,
            filename:f,
            case_sensitive:r,
        })
    }
}
pub struct Config{
    pub query:String,
    pub filename:String,
    pub case_sensitive:bool,
}
pub fn search<'a>(query:&str, contents:&'a str)->Vec<&'a str>{
    let mut result:Vec<&str> = vec![];
    for line in contents.lines(){//lines函数返回文本的每一行
       if line.contains(&query){//contains函数判断是否行中包含某一字符串切片返回bool类型
           result.push(line);
       }
    }
    result
}
pub fn search_case_insensitive<'a>(query:&str, contents:&'a str)->Vec<&'a str>{
    let mut result:Vec<&str> = vec![];
    let query = query.to_lowercase();//to_lowercase函数将字符串切片变为小写
    for line in contents.lines(){//lines函数返回文本的每一行
       if line.to_lowercase().contains(&query){//contains函数判断是否行中包含某一字符串切片返回bool类型
           result.push(line);
       }
    }
    result
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests{
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn case_sensitive(){
        let query = "duct";
        let contents = "\
Rust:
safe, fast, productive.
Pick three.
Duct tape.";
        assert_eq!(vec!["safe, fast, productive."], 
        search(query, contents));
    }
    #[test]
    fn case_insensitive(){
        let query = "rUsT";
        let contents = "\
Rust:
safe, fast, productive.
Pick three.
Trust tape.";
        assert_eq!(vec!["Rust:", "Trust tape."], 
        search_case_insensitive(query, contents));
    }
}

最后使用cargo run I poem.txt > output.txt 命令可以将编译成功的结果输出到output.txt中，而错误的结果通过eprintln!输出到终端