sg函数_____S-Nim( poj 2960 )

Description

Arthur and his sister Caroll have been playing a game called Nim for some time now. Nim is played as follows:

• The starting position has a number of heaps, all containing some, not necessarily equal, number of beads.
• The players take turns chosing a heap and removing a positive number of beads from it.
• The first player not able to make a move, loses.

Arthur and Caroll really enjoyed playing this simple game until they 
recently learned an easy way to always be able to find the best move:

• Xor the number of beads in the heaps in the current position (i.e. if we have 2, 4 and 7 the xor-sum will be 1 as 2 xor 4 xor 7 = 1).
• If the xor-sum is 0, too bad, you will lose.
• Otherwise, move such that the xor-sum becomes 0. This is always possible.

It is quite easy to convince oneself that this works. Consider these facts:

• The player that takes the last bead wins.
• After the winning player's last move the xor-sum will be 0.
• The xor-sum will change after every move.

Which means that if you make sure that the xor-sum always is 0 when you have made your move, your opponent will never be able to win, and, thus, you will win. 

Understandibly it is no fun to play a game when both players know how to play perfectly (ignorance is bliss). Fourtunately, Arthur and Caroll soon came up with a similar game, S-Nim, that seemed to solve this problem. Each player is now only allowed to remove a number of beads in some predefined set S, e.g. if we have S = {2, 5} each player is only allowed to remove 2 or 5 beads. Now it is not always possible to make the xor-sum 0 and, thus, the strategy above is useless. Or is it? 

your job is to write a program that determines if a position of S-Nim is a losing or a winning position. A position is a winning position if there is at least one move to a losing position. A position is a losing position if there are no moves to a losing position. This means, as expected, that a position with no legal moves is a losing position.

Input

Input consists of a number of test cases. 
For each test case: The first line contains a number k (0 < k ≤ 100) describing the size of S, followed by k numbers si (0 < si ≤ 10000) describing S. The second line contains a number m (0 < m ≤ 100) describing the number of positions to evaluate. The next m lines each contain a number l (0 < l ≤ 100) describing the number of heaps and l numbers hi (0 ≤ hi ≤ 10000) describing the number of beads in the heaps. 
The last test case is followed by a 0 on a line of its own.

Output

For each position: If the described position is a winning position print a 'W'.If the described position is a losing position print an 'L'. 
Print a newline after each test case.

Sample Input

2 2 5
3
2 5 12
3 2 4 7
4 2 3 7 12
5 1 2 3 4 5
3
2 5 12
3 2 4 7
4 2 3 7 12
0

Sample Output

LWW
WWL

题意：

有个集合S里有若干个整数Si。

现在有n堆石子。每堆石子的个数ai已知。两个人轮流从石堆里面拿石子。每次拿石子时任选一堆然后拿Si个(Si是S集合任意一个数，但要保证石堆石子个数大于等于Si)。如果轮到某人拿的时候无法再拿的时候就输了。

问题是给出Si和ai求先手赢还是后手赢。

分析：

很显然的sg函数求解，石堆个数为i，那么sg值为 mex( sg[ i - sj ] ) sj为S集合中的数，且 i >= sj。

然后将每堆石头的sg值异或起来就是整个游戏的sg值。

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1000010;
int sg[10010];
int vis[110];
int k;
int s[110];

void init()
{
    for(int i = 0 ; i <= 10000 ; i ++)
    {
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        for(int j = 0 ; j < k ; j ++)
        {
            if( i < s[j])break;
            vis[sg[i - s[j]]] = 1;
        }
        for(int j = 0 ; j < 110 ; j ++)
            if(!vis[j])
        {
            sg[i] = j;
            break;
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d",&k)!=EOF)
    {
        if(k == 0) break;

        for(int i = 0 ; i < k ; i ++) scanf("%d",&s[i]);
        sort(s,s+k);
        init();
        int n;
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++)
        {
            int m,step,ans = 0;
            scanf("%d",&m);
            for(int j = 0 ; j < m ; j ++)
            {
                scanf("%d",&step);
                ans ^= sg[step];
            }
            if(ans == 0) printf("L");
            else printf("W");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}