定语从句是非常重要的一个语法点,明确什么时候用什么样的关系代词和关系副词非常重要。一般情况下,当先行词是人的时候用who和whom,当先行词是物的时候,用which,而that一般是都可以用,当然也有一些例外,下面来做下具体的解析。
一、句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物
在there + be 的句型中,句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物。例如:
There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。
There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。
二、当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。例如:
This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。
Our school is no longer the school that itused to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
三、以Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如:
Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。
Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书
四、It is (high)time +定语从句时。例如:
It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。
It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。
五、当先行词是way等词时,关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,常可省略。例如:
This is the way that my father did thiswork.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。
She admired the way in which I answered thequestions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。
六、在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,那么另一个从句用that引导。例如:
He is the student that I have ever see whocan jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。
My brother studies in the school which isthe most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。
七、当先行词被the last , thevery 和the only修饰时。例如:
This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。
The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。
八、在强调句子中,并且以who ,which,what开头时。例如:
Who was it that was lost ? 究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中,最好不用who来代替that,避免重复。)
What was it that you did last week? 你上周究竟做什么了?
九、当先行词有序数词时。例如:
You are the first person that I want to askfor.你是我要见的第一个人。
This is the second book that I have everwritten.这是我写的第二本书。
to say at themeeting.这就是我在会上要说的。
Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗?
十、当先行词被all, every, no ,some, few , little, much, both等修饰时,例如:
This is all that I want to say at themeeting.这就是我在会上要说的。
Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗?
十一、当先行词既指人又指物时。例如:
The professor and his achievement that Iheard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。
Let’s talk about thepersons and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。
十二、当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时,关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时,用which或者that均可。例如:
Everything we have seen in China is moving. 我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。
I have nothing that is worth reading. 我没有什么值得一读的东西。
十三、当先行词是疑问代词who时。例如:
Who that you have ever seen can beat him inchess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他?
见:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIxODgxMTc1OQ==&mid=2247484260&idx=1&sn=e6fe0f45c021cd7471006f5cd2a814b0&chksm=97e59f64a09216722e9b0d6a7959b31e109fc387c660a7c9978b8248dffcb4425d077d81fc2d&scene=27
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That指代人或物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如
1、The students that like English often learn from each other. ( that作主语,相当于who )
2、I saw the girl that you like. ( that作宾语,相当于who或whom )
3、The car that is over there is mine. ( that作主语,相当于which )
4、The trees that they planted grow very well. ( that作宾语,相当于which )
5、He is not that man that he was. (that作表语)