使用Java的反射机制在软件测试中调用私有类及方法

使用Java的反射机制在软件测试中调用私有类及方法

  最近在做软件测试的题目，发现有的类的构造方法是私有的、有的类的某些方法是私有的，虽然可以通过巧妙的设计测试用例来覆盖到这些类和方法，但有没有更快的方法呢？哈哈，那就是利用Java的反射机制。

1、实例化 构造方法为私有类型 的 类

public class CSDN {
	private int hahaha;
	private String lalala;
	//无参构造方法
	private CSDN() {
		System.out.println("调用了私有构造方法");
	}
	//有参构造方法
	private CSDN(int hahaha, String lalala) {
		this.hahaha = hahaha;
		this.lalala = lalala;
		System.out.println("调用了私有构造方法，参数为: " + hahaha + ", " + lalala);
	}

}

测试类的写法：

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class CSDNTest {

	//无参构造方法的调用
	@Test
	public void test() {
		
		try {
			Class csdnClass = CSDN.class;
			Constructor csdnConstructor;
			csdnConstructor = csdnClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
			csdnConstructor.setAccessible(true);
			CSDN csdn = (CSDN)csdnConstructor.newInstance();
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SecurityException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	//有参构造方法的调用
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		
		try {
			Class csdnClass = CSDN.class;
			Constructor csdnConstructor;
			csdnConstructor = csdnClass.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class,String.class);
			csdnConstructor.setAccessible(true);
			CSDN csdn = (CSDN)csdnConstructor.newInstance(new Object[]{7, "String value"});
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SecurityException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}
}

2、调用私有方法

public class CSDN {
	
	private void printValue(int hahaha, String lalala) {
		System.out.println(hahaha + ", " + lalala);
	}
	
}

测试类的写法（若私有方法的类也是私有的，则应先按上述方法实例化私有类）：

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.junit.Test;

public class CSDNTest {

	//无参构造方法的调用
	@Test
	public void test() {
		CSDN csdn = new CSDN();
		Method printValue;
		try {
			printValue = CSDN.class.getDeclaredMethod("printValue", int.class, String.class);
			printValue.setAccessible(true);
			printValue.invoke(csdn, 7, "调用私有方法");
		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SecurityException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}
}