STL中怎样给一个区间赋值？

赋予新值

        赋予完全相同的数值

void fill(ForwardIterator beg,ForwardIterator end,const T&newValue)

void fill_n(OutputIterator beg,Size num,const T&newValue)

• fill()将区间[begin,end)内的每一个元素都赋予新值newValue
• fill_n()将”从beg开始的前num个元素“都赋予新值newValue
• 必须保证目标区间有足够空间，否则就要使用插入型迭代器

#include"algostuff.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	fill_n(ostream_iterator<float>(cout, " "), 10, 0.6);
	cout << endl;
	list<string> col1;
	
	//insert hello 9 tomes
	fill_n(back_inserter(col1), 9, "hello");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");

	//overwrite all elements with "again"
	fill(col1.begin(), col1.end(), "again");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");

	//replace "again" by "hi" 
	fill_n(col1.begin(), col1.size() - 3, "hi");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");

	list<string>::iterator pos1, pos2;
	pos1 = col1.begin();
	pos2 = col1.end();
	fill(++pos1, --pos2, "hmmm");
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");
}

 

第一次调用展示了如何使用fill_n()打印特定数量的值，其他的操作则是展示了怎样在string list中安插和替换元素

        赋予新产生的值

void generate(ForwardIterator beg,ForwardIterator end,Func op)

void generate_n(OutputIterator beg,Size num,Func op)

• generate()会调用op()操作产生新的值，并将其赋给区间[begin,end)内的每一个元素
• generate_n()会调用op()产生新值，并赋给以”beg为起始的区间“内的前num个操作 

#include"algostuff.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	list<int> col1;
	//insert five random numbers
	generate_n(back_inserter(col1), 5, rand);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");

	//overwrite with five new random numbers
	generate(col1.begin(), col1.end(), rand);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");
}

替换元素

        替换序列内的元素

void replace(ForwardIterator beg,ForwardIterator end,const T& oldValue,const T& newValue)

void replace_if(ForwardIterator beg,ForwardIterator end,UnaryPredicate op,const T& newValue)

• replace()将区间[beg,end)内每一个等于”oldValue"的元素替换为“newValue"
• replace_if()将区间[beg,end)内每一个令一元判断式op(elem)为true的元素替换为newValue
• op不应该在函数调用该过程中改变自身状态

#include"algostuff.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	list<int> col1,col2;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(col1, 2, 7);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(col1, 4, 9);
	col2 = col1;
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");
	
	//replace all value 6 with 42
	replace(col1.begin(), col1.end(), 6, 42);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "after replace col1: ");

	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col2, "col2(=col1): ");
	//repalce with value less than 5 with 0
	replace_if(col1.begin(), col1.end(), bind2nd(less<int>(), 5),0);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");

}

 

algostuff.h 

        复制并替换元素

OutputIterator replace_copy(InputIterator sourceBeg,InputIterator sourceEnd,
                            OutputIterator destBeg,
                            const T& oldValue,const T& newValue)


OutputIterator replace_copy_if(InputIterator sourceBeg,InputIterator sourceEnd,
                            OutputIterator destBeg,
                            UnaryPredicate op,const T& newValue)

• replace_copy()是copy()和replace()的组合。它将源区间[beg,end)中的元素复制到以”destBeg为起点“的目标区间去，同时将其中”与oldValue相等“的所有元素替换为newValue
•  replace_copy_if()是copy()和replace_if()的组合。它将源区间[beg,end)中的元素复制到以”destBeg为起点“的目标区间去，同时将其中”令一元判断式op(elem)结果为true“的所有元素替换为newValue
• 两个算法都返回目标区间中“最后一个被复制元素”的下一位置，也就是第一个未被覆盖的元素位置
• op不应该在函数调用过程中改变自身状态

#include"algostuff.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	list<int> col1;
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(col1, 2, 6);
	INSERT_ELEMENTS(col1, 4, 9);
	PRINT_ELEMENTS(col1, "col1: ");

	//print all elements with value 5 repalced with 55
	replace_copy(col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "), 5, 55);
	cout << endl;

	//print all elements with a value less 5 repalced with 42
	replace_copy_if(col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "), bind2nd(less<int>(), 5), 42);
	cout << endl;

	//print each elem while each odd element is replaced with 0
	replace_copy_if(col1.begin(), col1.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "), bind2nd(modulus<int>(), 2), 0);
	cout << endl;
}

程序输出结果如下：