hibernate多对一关联映射

 1.建立Java工程项目hibenate_many2one,添加hibernate所需的Jar包和mysql驱动Jar包。

2.建立工具类HibernateUtils.java和ExportDB.java,代码如下：

    HibernateUtils.java

 

1. package com.i51pro.hibernate;
3. import org.hibernate.Session;
4. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
5. import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
7. public class HibernateUtils {
9.     private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
10.     static {
11.         try {
12.             Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
13.             sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
14.         } catch (Exception e) {
15.             e.printStackTrace();
16.         }
17.     }
19.     public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
20.         return sessionFactory;
21.     }
23.     public static Session getSession() {
24.         return sessionFactory.openSession();
25.     }
27.     public static void closeSession(Session session) {
28.         if (session != null) {
29.             if (session.isOpen()) {
30.                 session.close();
31.             }
32.         }
33.     }
34. }

ExportDB.java

1. package com.i51pro.hibernate;
3. import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
4. import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
6. public class ExportDB {
8.     /**
9.      * @param args
10.      */
11.     public static void main(String[] args) {
12.         Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
13.         
14.         SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(cfg);
15.         export.create(true, true);
16.     }
17. }

 

3.下面编写实体类和映射文件：

    Group.java

1. package com.i51pro.hibernate;
3. public class Group {
5.     private int id;
6.     
7.     private String name;
9.     public int getId() {
10.         return id;
11.     }
13.     public void setId(int id) {
14.         this.id = id;
15.     }
17.     public String getName() {
18.         return name;
19.     }
21.     public void setName(String name) {
22.         this.name = name;
23.     }
24. }   

 User.java

1. package com.i51pro.hibernate;
3. public class User {
5.     private int id;
6.     
7.     private String name;
9.     private Group group;
10.     
11.     public int getId() {
12.         return id;
13.     }
15.     public void setId(int id) {
16.         this.id = id;
17.     }
19.     public String getName() {
20.         return name;
21.     }
23.     public void setName(String name) {
24.         this.name = name;
25.     }
27.     public Group getGroup() {
28.         return group;
29.     }
31.     public void setGroup(Group group) {
32.         this.group = group;
33.     }
34. }

    Group.htm.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
3.     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
4.     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
5. <hibernate-mapping>
6.     <class name="com.i51pro.hibernate.Group" table="t_group">
7.         <id name="id">
8.             <generator class="native"/>
9.         </id>
10.         <property name="name"/>
11.     </class>
12. </hibernate-mapping>

    User.html.xml

1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
3.     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
4.     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
5. <hibernate-mapping>
6.     <class name="com.i51pro.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
7.         <id name="id">
8.             <generator class="native"/>
9.         </id>
10.         <property name="name"/>
11.         <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid" cascade="all" />
12.     </class>
13. </hibernate-mapping>

4.最后编写Hibernate映射文件：

1. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
2.     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
3.     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
5. <hibernate-configuration>
6.     <session-factory>
7.         <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_many2one</property>
8.         <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
9.         <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
10.         <property name="hibernate.connection.password">admin</property>
11.         <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
12.         <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
13.         
14.         <mapping resource="com/i51pro/hibernate/User.hbm.xml"/>
15.         <mapping resource="com/i51pro/hibernate/Group.hbm.xml"/>
16.     </session-factory>
17. </hibernate-configuration>

5.在项目hibernate_many2one下新建SourceFolder，命名为test,在该包下新建测试类Many2OneTest进行单元测试，,它的代码如下：

    Many2OneTest

1. package com.i51pro.hibernate;
3. import org.hibernate.Session;
5. import junit.framework.TestCase;
7. public class Many2OneTest extends TestCase {
9.     public void testSave1() {
10.         Session session = null;
11.         try {
12.             session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
13.             session.beginTransaction();
14.             
15.             Group group = new Group();
16.             group.setName("JAVA开发小组");
17.             
18.             User user1 = new User();
19.             user1.setName("成员一");
20.             user1.setGroup(group);
21.             
22.             User user2 = new User();
23.             user2.setName("成员二");
24.             user2.setGroup(group);
25.             
26.             //不能成功保存，抛出TransientObjectException异常
27.             //因为Group为Tran  sient状态，oid没有分配值
28.             //persistent状态的对象是不能引用transient状态的对象的
29.             session.save(user1);
30.             session.save(user2);
31.             session.getTransaction().commit();
32.         }catch(Exception e) {
33.             e.printStackTrace();
34.             session.getTransaction().rollback();
35.         }finally {
36.             HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
37.         }
38.     }   
39.     
40.     public void testSave2() {
41.         Session session = null;
42.         try {
43.             session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
44.             session.beginTransaction();
45.             
46.             Group group = new Group();
47.             group.setName("JAVA开发小组");
48.             
49.             session.save(group);
50.             
51.             User user1 = new User();
52.             user1.setName("成员一");
53.             user1.setGroup(group);
54.             
55.             User user2 = new User();
56.             user2.setName("成员二");
57.             user2.setGroup(group);
58.             
59.             //可以正确存储
60.             session.save(user1);
61.             session.save(user2);
62.             session.getTransaction().commit();
63.         }catch(Exception e) {
64.             e.printStackTrace();
65.             session.getTransaction().rollback();
66.         }finally {
67.             HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
68.         }
69.     }   
70.     
71.     public void testSave3() {
72.         Session session = null;
73.         try {
74.             session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
75.             session.beginTransaction();
76.             
77.             Group group = new Group();
78.             group.setName("JAVA开发小组");
79.             
80.             User user1 = new User();
81.             user1.setName("成员一");
82.             user1.setGroup(group);
83.             
84.             User user2 = new User();
85.             user2.setName("成员二");
86.             user2.setGroup(group);
87.             
88.             //不会抛出异常，因为采用了cascade属性，所以它会先保存Group
89.             //采用cascade属性是解决TransientObjectException异常的一种手段         
90.             session.save(user1);
91.             session.save(user2);
92.             session.getTransaction().commit();
93.         }catch(Exception e) {
94.             e.printStackTrace();
95.             session.getTransaction().rollback();
96.         }finally {
97.             HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
98.         }
99.     }   
100.     
101.     public void testLoad1() {
102.         Session session = null;
103.         try {
104.             session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
105.             session.beginTransaction();
106.             User user = (User)session.load(User.class, 3);
107.             System.out.println("user.name=" + user.getName());
108.             System.out.println("user.group.name=" + user.getGroup().getName());
109.             
110.             session.getTransaction().commit();
111.         }catch(Exception e) {
112.             e.printStackTrace();
113.             session.getTransaction().rollback();
114.         }finally {
115.             HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
116.         }
117.     }   
118. }

 

总结：hibernate多对一关联映射关联映射的本质：
 * 将关联关系映射到数据库，所谓的关联关系是对象模型在内存中的一个或多个引用

<many-to-one>会在多的一端加入一个外键，指向一的一端，这个外键是由<many-to-one>
中的column属性定义的，如果忽略了这个属性那么默认的外键与实体的属性一致

<many-to-one>标签的定义示例：
  * <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/>