微服务/ Spring Boot / Spring Cloud

微服务

　　微服务是一种“化整为零、分而治之”的思想。具体而言，微服务提倡将单一应用程序划分成一组小的服务，每个服务运行在其独立的进程中，服务与服务间采用轻量级的通信机制互相沟通(通常是基于 HTTP 的 RESTful API)。每个服务都围绕着具体业务进行构建，并且能够被独立地部署到生产环境、类生产环境等。

　　“Microservices”概念的提出者Martin Fowler的描述如下：

In short, the microservice architectural style [1] is an approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services, each running in its own process and communicating with lightweight mechanisms, often an HTTP resource API. These services are built around business capabilities and independently deployable by fully automated deployment machinery. There is a bare minimum of centralized management of these services, which may be written in different programming languages and use different data storage technologies.

Spring Cloud

微服务架构下的一站式解决方案，如下图所示：

三者关系

• 微服务（架构）是一种设计思想；
• Spring Boot是一种快速开发落地的技术，用于实现单个微服务；
• Spring Cloud是微服务架构的一站式解决方案；

参考：

1. https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html；
2. http://developer.51cto.com/art/201710/554633.htm#topx;