目录
libavformat\Avio.h
/**
* Create and initialize a AVIOContext for accessing the
* resource indicated by url.
* @note When the resource indicated by url has been opened in
* read+write mode, the AVIOContext can be used only for writing.
*
* @param s Used to return the pointer to the created AVIOContext.
* In case of failure the pointed to value is set to NULL.
* @param url resource to access
* @param flags flags which control how the resource indicated by url
* is to be opened
* @param int_cb an interrupt callback to be used at the protocols level
* @param options A dictionary filled with protocol-private options. On return
* this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing options
* that were not found. May be NULL.
* @return >= 0 in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an
* AVERROR code in case of failure
*/
int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *url, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options);
libavformat\Aviobuf.c
int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options)
{
return ffio_open_whitelist(s, filename, flags, int_cb, options, NULL, NULL);
}
libavformat\Aviobuf.c
int ffio_open_whitelist(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options,
const char *whitelist, const char *blacklist
)
{
URLContext *h;
int err;
err = ffurl_open_whitelist(&h, filename, flags, int_cb, options, whitelist, blacklist, NULL);
if (err < 0)
return err;
err = ffio_fdopen(s, h);
if (err < 0) {
ffurl_close(h);
return err;
}
return 0;
}从ffio_open_whitelist()的源代码可以看出，它主要调用了2个函数：ffurl_open_whitelist()和ffio_fdopen()。其中ffurl_open_whitelist()用于初始化URLContext，ffio_fdopen()用于根据URLContext初始化AVIOContext。URLContext中包含的URLProtocol完成了具体的协议读写等工作。AVIOContext则是在URLContext的读写函数外面加上了一层“包装”（通过retry_transfer_wrapper()函数）。
一、ffurl_open_whitelist
libavformat\Url.h
/**
* Create an URLContext for accessing to the resource indicated by
* url, and open it.
*
* @param puc pointer to the location where, in case of success, the
* function puts the pointer to the created URLContext
* @param flags flags which control how the resource indicated by url
* is to be opened
* @param int_cb interrupt callback to use for the URLContext, may be
* NULL
* @param options A dictionary filled with protocol-private options. On return
* this parameter will be destroyed and replaced with a dict containing options
* that were not found. May be NULL.
* @param parent An enclosing URLContext, whose generic options should
* be applied to this URLContext as well.
* @return >= 0 in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an
* AVERROR code in case of failure
*/
int ffurl_open_whitelist(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options,
const char *whitelist, const char* blacklist,
URLContext *parent);
libavformat\Avio.c
int ffurl_open_whitelist(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options,
const char *whitelist, const char* blacklist,
URLContext *parent)
{
AVDictionary *tmp_opts = NULL;
AVDictionaryEntry *e;
int ret = ffurl_alloc(puc, filename, flags, int_cb);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (parent)
av_opt_copy(*puc, parent);
if (options &&
(ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0)
goto fail;
if (options && (*puc)->prot->priv_data_class &&
(ret = av_opt_set_dict((*puc)->priv_data, options)) < 0)
goto fail;
if (!options)
options = &tmp_opts;
av_assert0(!whitelist ||
!(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_whitelist", NULL, 0)) ||
!strcmp(whitelist, e->value));
av_assert0(!blacklist ||
!(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_blacklist", NULL, 0)) ||
!strcmp(blacklist, e->value));
if ((ret = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_whitelist", whitelist, 0)) < 0)
goto fail;
if ((ret = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_blacklist", blacklist, 0)) < 0)
goto fail;
if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0)
goto fail;
ret = ffurl_connect(*puc, options);
if (!ret)
return 0;
fail:
ffurl_close(*puc);
*puc = NULL;
return ret;
}从代码中可以看出，ffurl_open_whitelist()主要调用了2个函数：ffurl_alloc()和ffurl_connect()。ffurl_alloc()用于查找合适的URLProtocol，并创建一个URLContext；ffurl_connect()用于打开获得的URLProtocol。
1.1 ffurl_alloc()
ffurl_alloc()的定义位于libavformat\avio.c中，如下所示。
int ffurl_alloc(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb)
{
const URLProtocol *p = NULL;
p = url_find_protocol(filename);
if (p)
return url_alloc_for_protocol(puc, p, filename, flags, int_cb);
*puc = NULL;
if (av_strstart(filename, "https:", NULL) || av_strstart(filename, "tls:", NULL))
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "https protocol not found, recompile FFmpeg with "
"openssl, gnutls "
"or securetransport enabled.\n");
return AVERROR_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND;
} 从代码中可以看出，ffurl_alloc()主要调用了2个函数：
（1）url_find_protocol()根据文件路径查找合适的URLProtocol；
（2）url_alloc_for_protocol()为查找到的URLProtocol创建URLContext。
1.1.1 url_find_protocol
static const struct URLProtocol *url_find_protocol(const char *filename)
{
const URLProtocol **protocols;
char proto_str[128], proto_nested[128], *ptr;
size_t proto_len = strspn(filename, URL_SCHEME_CHARS);
int i;
if (filename[proto_len] != ':' &&
(strncmp(filename, "subfile,", 8) || !strchr(filename + proto_len + 1, ':')) ||
is_dos_path(filename))
strcpy(proto_str, "file");
else
av_strlcpy(proto_str, filename,
FFMIN(proto_len + 1, sizeof(proto_str)));
av_strlcpy(proto_nested, proto_str, sizeof(proto_nested));
if ((ptr = strchr(proto_nested, '+')))
*ptr = '\0';
protocols = ffurl_get_protocols(NULL, NULL);
if (!protocols)
return NULL;
for (i = 0; protocols[i]; i++) {
const URLProtocol *up = protocols[i];
if (!strcmp(proto_str, up->name)) {
av_freep(&protocols);
return up;
}
if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NESTED_SCHEME &&
!strcmp(proto_nested, up->name)) {
av_freep(&protocols);
return up;
}
}
av_freep(&protocols);
return NULL;
} url_find_protocol()函数表明了FFmpeg根据文件路径猜测协议的方法。该函数首先根据strspn()函数查找字符串中第一个“非字母或数字”的字符的位置，并保存在proto_len中。一般情况下，协议URL中都是包含“:”的，比如说RTMP的URL格式是“rtmp://xxx…”，UDP的URL格式是“udp://…”，HTTP的URL格式是“http://...”。因此，一般情况下proto_len的数值就是“:”的下标（代表了“:”前面的协议名称的字符的个数，例如rtmp://的proto_len为4）。
接下来函数将filename的前proto_len个字节拷贝至proto_str字符串中。
PS：这个地方比较纠结，源代码中av_strlcpy()函数的第3个参数size写的字符串的长度是（proto_len+1），但是查了一下av_strlcpy()的定义，发现该函数至多拷贝（size-1）个字符。这么一涨一消，最终还是拷贝了proto_len个字节。例如RTMP协议就拷贝了“rtmp”，UDP协议就拷贝了“udp”。
这里有一种例外，那就是文件路径。“文件”在FFmpeg中也是一种“协议”，并且前缀是“file”。也就是标准的文件路径应该是“file://...”格式的。但是这太不符合我们一般人的使用习惯，我们一般是不会在文件路径前面加上“file”协议名称的。所以该函数采取的方法是：一旦检测出来输入的URL是文件路径而不是网络协议，就自动向proto_str中拷贝“file”。
其中判断文件路径那里有一个很复杂的if()语句。根据我的理解，“||”前面的语句用于判断是否是相对文件路径，“||”后面的语句用于判断是否是绝对路径。判断绝对路径的时候用到了一个函数is_dos_path()，定义位于libavformat\os_support.h，如下所示。
static inline int is_dos_path(const char *path)
{
#if HAVE_DOS_PATHS
if (path[0] && path[1] == ':')
return 1;
#endif
return 0;
}此外，url_find_protocol()先调用ffurl_get_protocols()得到所有可能的URLProtocol协议，后面才进行比较。
const URLProtocol **ffurl_get_protocols(const char *whitelist,
const char *blacklist)
{
const URLProtocol **ret;
int i, ret_idx = 0;
ret = av_mallocz_array(FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(url_protocols), sizeof(*ret));
if (!ret)
return NULL;
for (i = 0; url_protocols[i]; i++) {
const URLProtocol *up = url_protocols[i];
if (whitelist && *whitelist && !av_match_name(up->name, whitelist))
continue;
if (blacklist && *blacklist && av_match_name(up->name, blacklist))
continue;
ret[ret_idx++] = up;
}
return ret;
}ffurl_get_protocols()函数里面有一个全局变量url_protocols，该变量是在编译过程中生成的。具体如下：
libavformat\protocol_list.c
static const URLProtocol * const url_protocols[] = {
&ff_async_protocol,
&ff_cache_protocol,
&ff_concat_protocol,
&ff_crypto_protocol,
&ff_data_protocol,
&ff_ffrtmphttp_protocol,
&ff_file_protocol,
&ff_ftp_protocol,
&ff_gopher_protocol,
&ff_hls_protocol,
&ff_http_protocol,
&ff_httpproxy_protocol,
&ff_icecast_protocol,
&ff_mmsh_protocol,
&ff_mmst_protocol,
&ff_md5_protocol,
&ff_pipe_protocol,
&ff_prompeg_protocol,
&ff_rtmp_protocol,
&ff_rtmpt_protocol,
&ff_rtp_protocol,
&ff_srtp_protocol,
&ff_subfile_protocol,
&ff_tee_protocol,
&ff_tcp_protocol,
&ff_udp_protocol,
&ff_udplite_protocol,
&ff_unix_protocol,
NULL };以file为例，如下所示。
libavformat\file.c
const URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
.name = "file",
.url_open = file_open,
.url_read = file_read,
.url_write = file_write,
.url_seek = file_seek,
.url_close = file_close,
.url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
.url_check = file_check,
.url_delete = file_delete,
.url_move = file_move,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(FileContext),
.priv_data_class = &file_class,
.url_open_dir = file_open_dir,
.url_read_dir = file_read_dir,
.url_close_dir = file_close_dir,
.default_whitelist = "file,crypto"
};1.1.2 url_alloc_for_protocol
url_alloc_for_protocol()的定义位于libavformat\avio.c中，如下所示。
/*@}*/
static int url_alloc_for_protocol(URLContext **puc, const URLProtocol *up,
const char *filename, int flags,
const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb)
{
URLContext *uc;
int err;
#if CONFIG_NETWORK
if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK && !ff_network_init())
return AVERROR(EIO);
#endif
if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) && !up->url_read) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
"Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for reading\n", up->name);
return AVERROR(EIO);
}
if ((flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) && !up->url_write) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
"Impossible to open the '%s' protocol for writing\n", up->name);
return AVERROR(EIO);
}
uc = av_mallocz(sizeof(URLContext) + strlen(filename) + 1);
if (!uc) {
err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto fail;
}
uc->av_class = &ffurl_context_class;
uc->filename = (char *)&uc[1];
strcpy(uc->filename, filename);
uc->prot = up;
uc->flags = flags;
uc->is_streamed = 0; /* default = not streamed */
uc->max_packet_size = 0; /* default: stream file */
if (up->priv_data_size) {
uc->priv_data = av_mallocz(up->priv_data_size);
if (!uc->priv_data) {
err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto fail;
}
if (up->priv_data_class) {
int proto_len= strlen(up->name);
char *start = strchr(uc->filename, ',');
*(const AVClass **)uc->priv_data = up->priv_data_class;
av_opt_set_defaults(uc->priv_data);
if(!strncmp(up->name, uc->filename, proto_len) && uc->filename + proto_len == start){
int ret= 0;
char *p= start;
char sep= *++p;
char *key, *val;
p++;
if (strcmp(up->name, "subfile"))
ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
while(ret >= 0 && (key= strchr(p, sep)) && p<key && (val = strchr(key+1, sep))){
*val= *key= 0;
if (strcmp(p, "start") && strcmp(p, "end")) {
ret = AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND;
} else
ret= av_opt_set(uc->priv_data, p, key+1, 0);
if (ret == AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND)
av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Key '%s' not found.\n", p);
*val= *key= sep;
p= val+1;
}
if(ret<0 || p!=key){
av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error parsing options string %s\n", start);
av_freep(&uc->priv_data);
av_freep(&uc);
err = AVERROR(EINVAL);
goto fail;
}
memmove(start, key+1, strlen(key));
}
}
}
if (int_cb)
uc->interrupt_callback = *int_cb;
*puc = uc;
return 0;
fail:
*puc = NULL;
if (uc)
av_freep(&uc->priv_data);
av_freep(&uc);
#if CONFIG_NETWORK
if (up->flags & URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK)
ff_network_close();
#endif
return err;
}url_alloc_for_protocol()完成了以下步骤：
（1）检查输入的URLProtocol是否支持指定的flag。比如flag中如果指定了AVIO_FLAG_READ，则URLProtocol中必须包含url_read()；如果指定了AVIO_FLAG_WRITE，则URLProtocol中必须包含url_write()。
（2）在检查无误之后，接着就可以调用av_mallocz()为即将创建的URLContext分配内存了。
（3）为URLContext各种赋值，在这里不再详细记录。
1.2 ffurl_connect
ffurl_connect()用于打开获得的URLProtocol。该函数的定义位于libavformat\avio.c中，如下所示。
int ffurl_connect(URLContext *uc, AVDictionary **options)
{
int err;
AVDictionary *tmp_opts = NULL;
AVDictionaryEntry *e;
if (!options)
options = &tmp_opts;
// Check that URLContext was initialized correctly and lists are matching if set
av_assert0(!(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_whitelist", NULL, 0)) ||
(uc->protocol_whitelist && !strcmp(uc->protocol_whitelist, e->value)));
av_assert0(!(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_blacklist", NULL, 0)) ||
(uc->protocol_blacklist && !strcmp(uc->protocol_blacklist, e->value)));
if (uc->protocol_whitelist && av_match_list(uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_whitelist, ',') <= 0) {
av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Protocol '%s' not on whitelist '%s'!\n", uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_whitelist);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
if (uc->protocol_blacklist && av_match_list(uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_blacklist, ',') > 0) {
av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Protocol '%s' on blacklist '%s'!\n", uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_blacklist);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
if (!uc->protocol_whitelist && uc->prot->default_whitelist) {
av_log(uc, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting default whitelist '%s'\n", uc->prot->default_whitelist);
uc->protocol_whitelist = av_strdup(uc->prot->default_whitelist);
if (!uc->protocol_whitelist) {
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
}
} else if (!uc->protocol_whitelist)
av_log(uc, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "No default whitelist set\n"); // This should be an error once all declare a default whitelist
if ((err = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_whitelist", uc->protocol_whitelist, 0)) < 0)
return err;
if ((err = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_blacklist", uc->protocol_blacklist, 0)) < 0)
return err;
err =
uc->prot->url_open2 ? uc->prot->url_open2(uc,
uc->filename,
uc->flags,
options) :
uc->prot->url_open(uc, uc->filename, uc->flags);
av_dict_set(options, "protocol_whitelist", NULL, 0);
av_dict_set(options, "protocol_blacklist", NULL, 0);
if (err)
return err;
uc->is_connected = 1;
/* We must be careful here as ffurl_seek() could be slow,
* for example for http */
if ((uc->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) || !strcmp(uc->prot->name, "file"))
if (!uc->is_streamed && ffurl_seek(uc, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
uc->is_streamed = 1;
return 0;
} 该函数最重要的函数就是它的第一句：URLProtocol中是否包含url_open2()？如果包含的话，就调用url_open2()，否则就调用url_open()。
url_open()本身是URLProtocol的一个函数指针，这个地方根据不同的协议调用的url_open()具体实现函数也是不一样的，例如file协议的url_open()对应的是file_open()，而file_open()最终调用了_wsopen()，_sopen()（Windows下）或者open()（Linux下，类似于fopen()）这样的系统中打开文件的API函数；而libRTMP的url_open()对应的是rtmp_open()，而rtmp_open()最终调用了libRTMP的API函数RTMP_Init()，RTMP_SetupURL()，RTMP_Connect() 以及RTMP_ConnectStream()。
二、ffio_fdopen
ffio_fdopen()使用已经获得的URLContext初始化AVIOContext。它的函数申明在libavformat\Avio_internal.h，定义位于libavformat\aviobuf.c中，如下所示。
/**
* Create and initialize a AVIOContext for accessing the
* resource referenced by the URLContext h.
* @note When the URLContext h has been opened in read+write mode, the
* AVIOContext can be used only for writing.
*
* @param s Used to return the pointer to the created AVIOContext.
* In case of failure the pointed to value is set to NULL.
* @return >= 0 in case of success, a negative value corresponding to an
* AVERROR code in case of failure
*/
int ffio_fdopen(AVIOContext **s, URLContext *h);
libavformat\Aviobuf.c
int ffio_fdopen(AVIOContext **s, URLContext *h)
{
AVIOInternal *internal = NULL;
uint8_t *buffer = NULL;
int buffer_size, max_packet_size;
max_packet_size = h->max_packet_size;
if (max_packet_size) {
buffer_size = max_packet_size; /* no need to bufferize more than one packet */
} else {
buffer_size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE;
}
buffer = av_malloc(buffer_size);
if (!buffer)
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
internal = av_mallocz(sizeof(*internal));
if (!internal)
goto fail;
internal->h = h;
*s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE,
internal, io_read_packet, io_write_packet, io_seek);
if (!*s)
goto fail;
(*s)->protocol_whitelist = av_strdup(h->protocol_whitelist);
if (!(*s)->protocol_whitelist && h->protocol_whitelist) {
avio_closep(s);
goto fail;
}
(*s)->protocol_blacklist = av_strdup(h->protocol_blacklist);
if (!(*s)->protocol_blacklist && h->protocol_blacklist) {
avio_closep(s);
goto fail;
}
(*s)->direct = h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_DIRECT;
(*s)->seekable = h->is_streamed ? 0 : AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL;
(*s)->max_packet_size = max_packet_size;
(*s)->min_packet_size = h->min_packet_size;
if(h->prot) {
(*s)->read_pause = io_read_pause;
(*s)->read_seek = io_read_seek;
if (h->prot->url_read_seek)
(*s)->seekable |= AVIO_SEEKABLE_TIME;
}
(*s)->short_seek_get = io_short_seek;
(*s)->av_class = &ff_avio_class;
return 0;
fail:
av_freep(&internal);
av_freep(&buffer);
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
}ffio_fdopen()函数首先初始化AVIOContext中的Buffer。如果URLContext中设置了max_packet_size，则将Buffer的大小设置为max_packet_size。如果没有设置的话（似乎大部分URLContext都没有设置该值），则会分配IO_BUFFER_SIZE个字节给Buffer。IO_BUFFER_SIZE取值为32768。
2.1 avio_alloc_context()
ffio_fdopen()接下来会调用avio_alloc_context()初始化一个AVIOContext。avio_alloc_context()本身是一个FFmpeg的API函数。它的声明位于libavformat\avio.h中，如下所示。
/**
* Allocate and initialize an AVIOContext for buffered I/O. It must be later
* freed with av_free().
*
* @param buffer Memory block for input/output operations via AVIOContext.
* The buffer must be allocated with av_malloc() and friends.
* @param buffer_size The buffer size is very important for performance.
* For protocols with fixed blocksize it should be set to this blocksize.
* For others a typical size is a cache page, e.g. 4kb.
* @param write_flag Set to 1 if the buffer should be writable, 0 otherwise.
* @param opaque An opaque pointer to user-specific data.
* @param read_packet A function for refilling the buffer, may be NULL.
* @param write_packet A function for writing the buffer contents, may be NULL.
* The function may not change the input buffers content.
* @param seek A function for seeking to specified byte position, may be NULL.
*
* @return Allocated AVIOContext or NULL on failure.
*/
AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context(
unsigned char *buffer,
int buffer_size,
int write_flag,
void *opaque,
int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence));avio_alloc_context()看上去参数很多，但实际上并不复杂。先简单解释一下它各个参数的含义：
buffer：AVIOContext中的Buffer。
buffer_size：AVIOContext中的Buffer的大小。
write_flag：设置为1则Buffer可写；否则Buffer只可读。
opaque：用户自定义数据。
read_packet()：读取外部数据，填充Buffer的函数。
write_packet()：向Buffer中写入数据的函数。
seek()：用于Seek的函数。
该函数成功执行的话则会返回一个创建好的AVIOContext。
下面看一下avio_alloc_context()的定义，位于libavformat\aviobuf.c，如下所示。
AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context(
unsigned char *buffer,
int buffer_size,
int write_flag,
void *opaque,
int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{
AVIOContext *s = av_malloc(sizeof(AVIOContext));
if (!s)
return NULL;
ffio_init_context(s, buffer, buffer_size, write_flag, opaque,
read_packet, write_packet, seek);
return s;
}该函数代码很简单：首先调用av_mallocz()为AVIOContext分配一块内存空间，然后基本上将所有输入参数传递给ffio_init_context()。
ffio_init_context()的定义如下。
int ffio_init_context(AVIOContext *s,
unsigned char *buffer,
int buffer_size,
int write_flag,
void *opaque,
int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{
memset(s, 0, sizeof(AVIOContext));
s->buffer = buffer;
s->orig_buffer_size =
s->buffer_size = buffer_size;
s->buf_ptr = buffer;
s->buf_ptr_max = buffer;
s->opaque = opaque;
s->direct = 0;
url_resetbuf(s, write_flag ? AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : AVIO_FLAG_READ);
s->write_packet = write_packet;
s->read_packet = read_packet;
s->seek = seek;
s->pos = 0;
s->eof_reached = 0;
s->error = 0;
s->seekable = seek ? AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL : 0;
s->min_packet_size = 0;
s->max_packet_size = 0;
s->update_checksum = NULL;
s->short_seek_threshold = SHORT_SEEK_THRESHOLD;
if (!read_packet && !write_flag) {
s->pos = buffer_size;
s->buf_end = s->buffer + buffer_size;
}
s->read_pause = NULL;
s->read_seek = NULL;
s->write_data_type = NULL;
s->ignore_boundary_point = 0;
s->current_type = AVIO_DATA_MARKER_UNKNOWN;
s->last_time = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
s->short_seek_get = NULL;
s->written = 0;
return 0;
} 可以看出，这个函数的工作就是各种赋值，不算很有“技术含量”，不再详述。
io_read_packet()，io_write_packet()，io_seek()
现在我们再回到ffio_fdopen()，会发现它初始化AVIOContext的结构体的时候，首先将自己分配的Buffer设置为该AVIOContext的Buffer；然后将URLContext作为用户自定义数据（对应AVIOContext的opaque变量）提供给该AVIOContext；最后分别将3个函数作为该AVIOContext的读，写，跳转函数：io_read_packet()，io_write_packet()，io_seek()。下面我们选择一个ffurl_read()看看它的定义。
io_read_packet()的定义位于libavformat\Aviobuf.c，如下所示。
static int io_read_packet(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
{
AVIOInternal *internal = opaque;
return ffurl_read(internal->h, buf, buf_size);
}io_read_packet调用了文件libavformat\avio.c中的ffurl_read()函数，如下所示。
int ffurl_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ))
return AVERROR(EIO);
return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, buf, size, 1, h->prot->url_read);
}
static int io_write_packet(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
{
AVIOInternal *internal = opaque;
return ffurl_write(internal->h, buf, buf_size);
}
int ffurl_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
if (!(h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE))
return AVERROR(EIO);
/* avoid sending too big packets */
if (h->max_packet_size && size > h->max_packet_size)
return AVERROR(EIO);
return retry_transfer_wrapper(h, (unsigned char *)buf, size, size,
(int (*)(struct URLContext *, uint8_t *, int))
h->prot->url_write);
} 会发现他也调用了同样的一个函数retry_transfer_wrapper()。唯一的不同在于ffurl_read()调用retry_transfer_wrapper()的时候，最后一个参数是URLProtocol的url_read()，而ffurl_write()调用retry_transfer_wrapper()的时候，最后一个参数是URLProtocol的url_write()。
下面我们看一下retry_transfer_wrapper()的定义，位于libavformat\avio.c，如下所示。
static inline int retry_transfer_wrapper(URLContext *h, uint8_t *buf,
int size, int size_min,
int (*transfer_func)(URLContext *h,
uint8_t *buf,
int size))
{
int ret, len;
int fast_retries = 5;
int64_t wait_since = 0;
len = 0;
while (len < size_min) {
if (ff_check_interrupt(&h->interrupt_callback))
return AVERROR_EXIT;
ret = transfer_func(h, buf + len, size - len);
if (ret == AVERROR(EINTR))
continue;
if (h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_NONBLOCK)
return ret;
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
ret = 0;
if (fast_retries) {
fast_retries--;
} else {
if (h->rw_timeout) {
if (!wait_since)
wait_since = av_gettime_relative();
else if (av_gettime_relative() > wait_since + h->rw_timeout)
return AVERROR(EIO);
}
av_usleep(1000);
}
} else if (ret == AVERROR_EOF)
return (len > 0) ? len : AVERROR_EOF;
else if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (ret) {
fast_retries = FFMAX(fast_retries, 2);
wait_since = 0;
}
len += ret;
}
return len;
}从代码中可以看出，它的核心实际上是调用了一个名称为transfer_func()的函数。而该函数就是retry_transfer_wrapper()的第四个参数。该函数实际上是对URLProtocol的读写操作中的错误进行了一些“容错”处理，可以让数据的读写更加的稳定。
参考文献：
https://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/41199947
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