字符设备驱动之流水灯——FS2410

一、开发环境

1、硬件平台：FS2410

2、主机：Ubuntu 10.10

3、内核版本：linux 2.6.35

4、交叉编译工具链：arm-none-linux-gnueabi-

二、LED原理图

             

三、详细代码分析

驱动文件led.c:

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#define GPFCON 0x56000050
#define GPFDAT 0x56000054

#define LED_ON 0x4800
#define LED_OFF 0x4801

#define LED_1 0x01
#define LED_2 0x12
#define LED_3 0x03
#define LED_4 0x04

static volatile unsigned int *gpfcon;
static volatile unsigned int *gpfdat;

static int led_major = 244;      //LED主设备号

static struct cdev led_cdev;     //定义LED字符设备结构体

int led_open(struct inode *inode , struct file *filp)    
{
	gpfcon = ioremap(GPFCON, 0x04);    //地址映射
	gpfdat = ioremap(GPFDAT, 0x04);

	*gpfcon &= ~(0xff << 8);    //设置GPF4-GPF7为输出
	*gpfcon |= (0x55 << 8);

	*gpfdat &= ~(0xf << 4);    //4个LED点亮

	return 0;
	
}

int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	return 0;
}

static ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	return 0;
}

static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	return 0;
}

void led_on(void)
{
	*gpfdat &= ~(0xf << 4);      //点亮4个LED灯

	return ;
}

static int led_ioctl(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
	switch(cmd)
	{
		case LED_1:
			*gpfdat |= (0xf << 1);     //点亮LED9
			break;

		case LED_2:
			*gpfdat |= (0xf << 2);     //点亮LED10
			break;

		case LED_3:
			*gpfdat |= (0xf << 3);    //点亮LED11
			break;

		case LED_4:
			*gpfdat |= (0xf << 4);    //点亮LED12
			break;

		case LED_ON:
			led_on();
			break;

		default:
			break;
	}

	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations led_fops = {    
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.read = led_read,
	.write = led_write,
	.ioctl = led_ioctl,
	.open = led_open,
	.release = led_release,
};

void led_setup_cdev(struct cdev *dev, int index)
{
	int err;
	int devno = MKDEV(led_major, index);    

	cdev_init(dev, &led_fops);    //初始化cdev并设置与file_operation关联
	dev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
	
	err = cdev_add(dev, devno, 1);    //注册cdev

	if(err < 0)
		printk("failed to add led");

	return;
}

static int __init led_init(void)
{
	int result;
	int devno = MKDEV(led_major, 0);

        //分配设备号
	if(devno)
		result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "led");
	else
	{
		result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "led");
		led_major = MAJOR(devno);
	}

	if(result < 0)
		return result;

	printk("led_major : %d\n", led_major);

	led_setup_cdev(&led_cdev, 0);

	return result;

}

static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&led_cdev);       //注销设备号
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(led_major, 0), 1);     //释放设备号

	return;
}

module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("yhr");

测试文件led_test.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define LED_ON 0x4800
#define LED_OFF 0x4801

#define LED_1 0x01
#define LED_2 0x12
#define LED_3 0x03
#define LED_4 0x04

int main(void)
{
	int led_fd;
	int i;

	if((led_fd = open("/dev/led", O_RDONLY)) < 0)      //打开设备
	{
		perror("failed to open led");

		exit(-1);
	}

	while(1)
	{
		ioctl(led_fd, LED_1, 0);     
		usleep(500000);
		ioctl(led_fd, LED_2, 0);
		usleep(500000);
		ioctl(led_fd, LED_3, 0);
		usleep(500000);
		ioctl(led_fd, LED_4, 0);
		usleep(500000);

		ioctl(led_fd, LED_ON, 0);

		usleep(500000);
	}

	return 0;
}

Makefile文件：

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

# set your object kernel dir
KERNELDIR = /home/linux/linux-2.6.35 

PWD := $(shell pwd)

modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

modules_install:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:
	rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions Module* modules*

.PHONY: modules modules_install clean

else
    obj-m := led.o
endif

进入开发板的文件系统后：

#insmod led.ko

#mknod /dev/led c 244 0

#./led_test

之后就可以看到LED流水灯