LAMP手动部署

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-02 10:49:04 发布

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文章标签： memcached php 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yanghx2/article/details/120445273

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本文介绍了LAMP（Linux, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, memcached/PHP/Perl/Python）架构，详细讲解了如何手动部署，包括安装Apache、MySQL/MariaDB、PHP，以及配置过程。重点提到了HTTPD与PHP的结合方式，如modules、CGI和FastCGI，其中FastCGI是更常用的选择。最后，列出了详细的LAMP安装步骤。" 136549231,594666,华为OD园区参观路径问题 C/C++算法实现,"['算法', '华为OD', 'C++', 'C语言']

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LAMP介绍

web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源

静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端
LAM(M)P：
L：linux
A：apache (httpd)
M：mysql, mariadb
M：memcached（缓存数据库数据）
P：php, perl, pytho
httpd与php结合的方式
httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：

modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）

CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信
较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源

安装lamp步骤

1.安装Apache

\安装开发工具包

[root@localhost ~]#  yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
\\创建Apache用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache    //-r代表系统账户 -M代表不允许登录 -s代表不允许交互登录
\\安装Apache的依赖包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++

\\下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
\\解压压缩包
[root@localhost src]#  tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]#  tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
\\进入apr的解压包去修改文件
[root@localhost src]#  cd apr-1.7.0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vi configure    编辑下面内容
 cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    $RM "$cfgfile"  //把这一行删除或者注释掉
\\进行编译安装apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
\\进入apr-util的解压包内进行编译安装
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]#   make && make install

\\下载和安装httpd
[root@localhost src]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz
\\进入apache的解压包去修改文件
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.49/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.49]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.49]# make && make install
\\安装后配置
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man.config
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
\\添加httpd的service文件使其可以通过systemctl启动
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=Httpd server daemon
After=network.target 

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl  start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process    
LISTEN     0      100          127.0.0.1:25                 	         						     *:*
LISTEN     0      128                 :::80                       									     :::*
LISTEN     0      128                 :::22                     								         :::*
LISTEN     0      100                ::1:25                      									      :::*

2.安装mysql

\\安装mysql依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
\\创建mysql用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
\\下载并解压mysql的压缩包
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
\\创建软链接
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
\\修改mysql的属组和属主
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
\\添加环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
\\配置mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
添加MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
\\建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
//初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user mysql --datadir /opt/data
//生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF
\\添加mysql的service文件使其可以通过systemctl启动
[root@localhost ~]#  vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=Mysql server daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port
LISTEN      0      128         *:22                      *:*
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                      *:*
LISTEN      0      128        :::22                     :::*
LISTEN      0      100       ::1:25                     :::*
LISTEN      0      80         :::3306                   :::*

3.安装php

\\下载所需依赖包
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]#yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
\\安装并解压php压缩包
[root@localhost src]#  wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.0.10.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-8.0.10.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
\\进行编译安装
[root@localhost ~]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8  \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif  \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# make && make install
\\安装后配置
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
\\配置php
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp /etc/php.ini /opt/
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini 
[root@localhost sapi]# cp fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost sapi]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

4.安装后配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 
#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so  ##取消注释
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so   ##取消注释
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#

<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php  ##添加index.php
</IfModule>

 # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
 #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php   ##添加此行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps  ##添加此行

 #
 
\\在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>     
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test"
    ServerName www.liuqiang.com
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/$1
    <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test">
        Options none
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

\\创建web访问目录
[root@localhost apache]# mkdir htdocs/test
[root@localhost apache]# vim htdocs/test/index.php
[root@localhost apache]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/


\\编辑php文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/index.php 
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]#  service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done

\\重启mysql
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# systemctl restart httpd.service 
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ss -antl
State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    Process    
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN    0         128              127.0.0.1:9000             0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                  [::]:*                  
LISTEN    0         80                       *:3306                   *:*                  
LISTEN    0         128                      *:80                     *:*

在这里插入图片描述

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LAMP手动部署

LAMP介绍web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端LAM(M)P：L：linuxA：apache (httpd)M：mysql, mariadbM：memcached（缓存数据库数据）P：php, perl, pythohttpd与php结合的方式httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：m
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