select使用实例

最新推荐文章于 2020-10-21 16:06:42 发布

kyowill

最新推荐文章于 2020-10-21 16:06:42 发布

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分类专栏：网络编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yangkaikwill/article/details/48668197

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本文详细阐述了服务器端与客户端之间的通信过程，包括socket创建、地址绑定、监听连接、接受客户端连接以及通过select函数实现选择性读取数据的机制。重点介绍了如何在服务器端高效地处理多个客户端并发请求，以及客户端如何通过socket与服务器进行数据交互。

server.cpp

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#define ip "127.0.0.1"
#define port 8888


int main() 
{ 
	int server_sockfd, client_sockfd; 
	int server_len, client_len; 
	struct sockaddr_in server_address; 
	struct sockaddr_in client_address; 
	int result; 
	fd_set readfds, testfds; 
	server_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//建立服务器端socket 
	//防止端口复用
	int reuse = 1 ;
	setsockopt(server_sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void*)&reuse, sizeof(reuse));

	server_address.sin_family = AF_INET; 
	server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip); 
	server_address.sin_port = htons(port); 
	server_len = sizeof(server_address); 
	bind(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, server_len); 
	printf("bind\n"); 
	listen(server_sockfd, 5); 
	printf("listen\n");
	FD_ZERO(&readfds); 
	FD_SET(server_sockfd, &readfds);//将服务器端socket加入到集合中
	char buf[10];
	while(1) 
	{
		                
		int fd; 
		int nread; 
		testfds = readfds;//重要:每次在调用select前一定要更新一次 
		printf("server waiting\n"); 

		/*无限期阻塞，并测试文件描述符变动 */
		result = select(FD_SETSIZE, &testfds, (fd_set *)0,(fd_set *)0, (struct timeval *) 0); 
		if(result < 1) 
		{ 
			perror("server5"); 
			exit(1); 
		} 

		/*扫描所有的文件描述符*/
		for(fd = 0; fd < FD_SETSIZE; fd++) 
		{
			/*找到相关文件描述符*/
			if(FD_ISSET(fd,&testfds)) 
			{ 
		     	        /*判断是否为服务器套接字，是则表示为客户请求连接。*/
				if(fd == server_sockfd) 
				{ 
					client_len = sizeof(client_address); 
					client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd, 
					NULL, NULL); 
					FD_SET(client_sockfd, &readfds);//将客户端socket加入到集合中
					printf("adding client on fd %d/n", client_sockfd); 
				} 

				/*客户端socket中有数据请求时*/
				else 
				{                                          
					//ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &nread);//取得数据量交给nread
					nread = read(fd, buf, 10); 
					
					/*客户数据请求完毕，关闭套接字，从集合中清除相应描述符 */
					if(nread == 0) 
					{ 
						close(fd); 
						FD_CLR(fd, &readfds); 
						printf("removing client on fd %d\n", fd); 
					}else 
					{ 
						
						//sleep(5); 
						printf("serving client on fd %d\n", fd); 
						printf("%s\n", buf);
						memset(buf, 10, 0);
						//ch++; 
						//write(fd, &ch, 1); 
					} 
				} 
			} 
		} 
	} 
}

client.cpp

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#define ip "127.0.0.1"
#define port 8888

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;

	//创建socket文件描述符
	int sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(sfd == -1)
	{
		perror("sfd == -1");
		exit(1);
	}

	//防止端口复用
	int reuse = 1 ;
	setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void*)&reuse, sizeof(reuse));

	//初始化socket
	memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(port) ;
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);	

	
	//与服务器连接
	if(connect(sfd, (sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) == -1)
	{
		perror("connect error");
		exit(1);
	}

	char buf[20];
	while(memset(buf, 0, 20), scanf("%s", buf))
	{
		write(sfd, buf, strlen(buf));
	}
	return 0;
}

server.cpp

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#define ip "192.168.188.133"
#define port 8888

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int afd, sfd;
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;

	//创建socket文件描述符
	sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(sfd == -1)
	{
		perror("sfd == -1");
		exit(1);
	}

	//防止端口复用
	int reuse = 1 ;
	setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void*)&reuse, sizeof(reuse));

	//初始化socket
	
	memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(port) ;
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);

	//绑定套接字
	if(bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) == -1)
	{
		perror("bind error");
		exit(1);
	}

	//监听套接字
	if(listen(sfd, 5) == -1)
	{
		perror("listen error");
		exit(1);
	}


	fd_set readfds, testfds;
	int maxfd = 10;
	int flag = 0;
	maxfd = maxfd > sfd? maxfd: sfd;
	FD_ZERO(&readfds);
	FD_SET(sfd, &readfds);


	int maxi = -1;
	int clients[1024];
	for(int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i)
	{
		clients[i] = -1;
	}

	while(1)
	{
		testfds = readfds;

		flag = select(maxfd + 1, &testfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);

		if(flag == -1)
		{
			perror("select error");
			exit(1);

		}

		if(flag == 0)
		{
			printf("no client\n");
			continue;
		}



		if(FD_ISSET(sfd, &testfds))
		{

			//连接确认
			if((afd = accept(sfd, NULL, NULL)) == -1)
			{
				
				perror("accept error");
				exit(1);
			}else
			{

				printf("afd:%d\n", afd);
				FD_SET(afd, &readfds);
				for(int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i)
				{
					if(clients[i] == -1)
					{
						clients[i] = afd;
						if(i > maxi)
						{
							maxi = i;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				maxfd = maxfd > afd ? maxfd : afd;
			}
		}

		for(int i = 0; i <= maxi; ++i)
		{
			if(clients[i] == -1)
			{
				continue;
			}
			if(FD_ISSET(clients[i], &testfds))
			{

				char buf[1024];
				memset(buf, 0, 1024); 
				int readn = read(clients[i], buf, 1024);
				if(readn == 0)
				{
					printf("readn == 0\n");
					clients[i] = -1;
					close(clients[i]);
					FD_CLR(clients[i], &readfds);
				}else
				{
					printf("%s\n", buf);
				}
			}
		}	

	}
	//关闭套接字
	close(afd);

	return 0;
}