javascript中Array类型给我们提供了很多的API,但是在javascript中还有这么一部分对象,例如函数中的arguments
虽然和Array很像,有length属性,可以像数组一样用下标去获取元素,but它并不是数组,不能使用Array.push(),Array.pop()等数组类型提供的方法。我们将arguments这种类型的对象称之为ArrayLike,为了将其转换为数组对象,以前我们这样干Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments), es6中我们可以这么干Array.from()。
下面是MDN对于Array.from()的介绍。原文
Array.from()方法可以将Array-like对象或者可迭代对象转换为一个数组对象。
In ES6, class syntax allows for the subclassing of both built-in and user defined classes; as a result, class-side static methods such as Array.from are “inherited” by subclasses of Array and create new instances of the subclass, not Array.
规则
Array.from(arrayLike[, mapFn[, thisArg]])
参数
- arrayLike:一个array-like对象或者可迭代对象转换为数组对象。
- mapFn:可选参数,在数组的每个元素上面调用该方法
- thisArg:可选参数,作用mapFn执行的时候的this对象(即上下文环境)
描述
Array.from()
可以通过以下对象创建一个数组
Array.from()有一个可选的参数mapFn,可以通过这个函数对创建的数组中的每个元素进行操作。除了Array.from(obj, mapFn, thisArg)不会产生中间数组之外,它等价于Array.from(obj).map(mapFn, thisArg)。
例子:
// Array-like object (arguments) to Array
function f() {
return Array.from(arguments);
}
f(1, 2, 3);
// [1, 2, 3]
// Any iterable object...
// Set
var s = new Set(["foo", window]);
Array.from(s);
// ["foo", window]
// Map
var m = new Map([[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]);
Array.from(m);
// [[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]
// String
Array.from("foo");
// ["f", "o", "o"]
// Using an arrow function as the map function to
// manipulate the elements
Array.from([1, 2, 3], x => x + x);
// [2, 4, 6]
// Generate a sequence of numbers
Array.from({length: 5}, (v, k) => k);
// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
Polyfill
Array.from是在ECMA-262第六版中添加上去的,因此某些标准实现可能并没有使用这个方法,可以将下列代码添加到script最前面来hack一下
// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 6, 22.1.2.1
// Reference: https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-array.from
if (!Array.from) {
Array.from = (function () {
var toStr = Object.prototype.toString;
var isCallable = function (fn) {
return typeof fn === 'function' || toStr.call(fn) === '[object Function]';
};
var toInteger = function (value) {
var number = Number(value);
if (isNaN(number)) { return 0; }
if (number === 0 || !isFinite(number)) { return number; }
return (number > 0 ? 1 : -1) * Math.floor(Math.abs(number));
};
var maxSafeInteger = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
var toLength = function (value) {
var len = toInteger(value);
return Math.min(Math.max(len, 0), maxSafeInteger);
};
// The length property of the from method is 1.
return function from(arrayLike/*, mapFn, thisArg */) {
// 1. Let C be the this value.
var C = this;
// 2. Let items be ToObject(arrayLike).
var items = Object(arrayLike);
// 3. ReturnIfAbrupt(items).
if (arrayLike == null) {
throw new TypeError("Array.from requires an array-like object - not null or undefined");
}
// 4. If mapfn is undefined, then let mapping be false.
var mapFn = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments[1] : void undefined;
var T;
if (typeof mapFn !== 'undefined') {
// 5. else
// 5. a If IsCallable(mapfn) is false, throw a TypeError exception.
if (!isCallable(mapFn)) {
throw new TypeError('Array.from: when provided, the second argument must be a function');
}
// 5. b. If thisArg was supplied, let T be thisArg; else let T be undefined.
if (arguments.length > 2) {
T = arguments[2];
}
}
// 10. Let lenValue be Get(items, "length").
// 11. Let len be ToLength(lenValue).
var len = toLength(items.length);
// 13. If IsConstructor(C) is true, then
// 13. a. Let A be the result of calling the [[Construct]] internal method of C with an argument list containing the single item len.
// 14. a. Else, Let A be ArrayCreate(len).
var A = isCallable(C) ? Object(new C(len)) : new Array(len);
// 16. Let k be 0.
var k = 0;
// 17. Repeat, while k < len… (also steps a - h)
var kValue;
while (k < len) {
kValue = items[k];
if (mapFn) {
A[k] = typeof T === 'undefined' ? mapFn(kValue, k) : mapFn.call(T, kValue, k);
} else {
A[k] = kValue;
}
k += 1;
}
// 18. Let putStatus be Put(A, "length", len, true).
A.length = len;
// 20. Return A.
return A;
};
}());
}