linux-vsprintf.c

/*

*  linux/kernel/vsprintf.c

*                                        //－－对参数产生格式化的输出

*  (C) 1991  Linus Torvalds

*/

/* vsprintf.c -- Lars Wirzenius & Linus Torvalds. */

/*

* Wirzenius wrote this portably, Torvalds fucked it up :-)

*/

#include <stdarg.h>

#include <string.h>

/* we use this so that we can do without the ctype library */

#define is_digit(c)    ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')

static int skip_atoi(const char **s)    //－－atoi函数的实现，值得借鉴

{

    int i=0;

    while (is_digit(**s))

        i = i*10 + *((*s)++) - '0';

    return i;

}

#define ZEROPAD    1        /* pad with zero */

#define SIGN    2        /* unsigned/signed long */

#define PLUS    4        /* show plus */

#define SPACE    8        /* space if plus */

#define LEFT    16        /* left justified */

#define SPECIAL    32        /* 0x */

#define SMALL    64        /* use 'abcdef' instead of 'ABCDEF' */

#define do_div(n,base) ({ /                    //－－n为被除数,base为除数,结果:n为商,返回值为余数

int __res; /

__asm__("divl %4":"=a" (n),"=d" (__res):"0" (n),"1" (0),"r" (base)); /

__res; })

static char * number(char * str, int num, int base, int size, int precision

    ,int type)        //－－将整数转换为指定进制的字符串

{                    //－－num-整数,base-进制,size-字符串长度,precision-数字长度,type-类型选项

    char c,sign,tmp[36];

    const char *digits="0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

    int i;

    if (type&SMALL) digits="0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

    if (type&LEFT) type &= ~ZEROPAD;        //－－屏蔽填0标志

    if (base<2 || base>36)

        return 0;

    c = (type & ZEROPAD) ? '0' : ' ' ;

    if (type&SIGN && num<0) {

        sign='-';

        num = -num;

    } else

        sign=(type&PLUS) ? '+' : ((type&SPACE) ? ' ' : 0);

    if (sign) size--;

    if (type&SPECIAL)

        if (base==16) size -= 2;

        else if (base==8) size--;

    i=0;

    if (num==0)

        tmp[i++]='0';

    else while (num!=0)

        tmp[i++]=digits[do_div(num,base)];        //－－转换为字符串

    if (i>precision) precision=i;

    size -= precision;

    if (!(type&(ZEROPAD+LEFT)))

        while(size-->0)

            *str++ = ' ';

    if (sign)

        *str++ = sign;

    if (type&SPECIAL)

        if (base==8)

            *str++ = '0';

        else if (base==16) {

            *str++ = '0';

            *str++ = digits[33];

        }

    if (!(type&LEFT))

        while(size-->0)

            *str++ = c;

    while(i<precision--)

        *str++ = '0';

    while(i-->0)

        *str++ = tmp[i];

    while(size-->0)

        *str++ = ' ';

    return str;                                //－－返回转换好的指向字符串末端后的指针

}

int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)    //－－送格式化输出到字符串

{                            //－－output:%#+-0*m.nld/n

    int len;                //－－%[flag][width][.prec][h|l|L][type]

    int i;

    char * str;

    char *s;

    int *ip;

    int flags;        /* flags to number() */        //－－number函数使用的参数

    int field_width;    /* width of output field */

    int precision;        /* min. # of digits for integers; max

                   number of chars for from string */

    int qualifier;        /* 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields */

    for (str=buf ; *fmt ; ++fmt) {

        if (*fmt != '%') {                        //－－不是格式指示字符则放入str

            *str++ = *fmt;

            continue;

        }

            

        /* process flags */                        //－－类型选项

        flags = 0;

        repeat:

            ++fmt;        /* this also skips first '%' */

            switch (*fmt) {

                case '-': flags |= LEFT; goto repeat;

                case '+': flags |= PLUS; goto repeat;

                case ' ': flags |= SPACE; goto repeat;

                case '#': flags |= SPECIAL; goto repeat;

                case '0': flags |= ZEROPAD; goto repeat;

                }

        

        /* get field width */                    //－－取参数字段宽度阈值

        field_width = -1;

        if (is_digit(*fmt))

            field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);

        else if (*fmt == '*') {                    //－－*后面指定宽度

            /* it's the next argument */        //－－这里有个bug,应加入++fmt;

            field_width = va_arg(args, int);

            if (field_width < 0) {

                field_width = -field_width;

                flags |= LEFT;

            }

        }

        /* get the precision */                    //－－取精度信息

        precision = -1;

        if (*fmt == '.') {

            ++fmt;    

            if (is_digit(*fmt))

                precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);

            else if (*fmt == '*') {

                /* it's the next argument */

                precision = va_arg(args, int);

            }

            if (precision < 0)

                precision = 0;

        }

        /* get the conversion qualifier */        //－－分析长度修饰符

        qualifier = -1;

        if (*fmt == 'h' || *fmt == 'l' || *fmt == 'L') {

            qualifier = *fmt;

            ++fmt;

        }

        switch (*fmt) {                            //－－分析转换指示符

        case 'c':

            if (!(flags & LEFT))

                while (--field_width > 0)

                    *str++ = ' ';

            *str++ = (unsigned char) va_arg(args, int);

            while (--field_width > 0)

                *str++ = ' ';

            break;

        case 's':

            s = va_arg(args, char *);

            len = strlen(s);

            if (precision < 0)

                precision = len;

            else if (len > precision)

                len = precision;

            if (!(flags & LEFT))

                while (len < field_width--)

                    *str++ = ' ';

            for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)

                *str++ = *s++;

            while (len < field_width--)

                *str++ = ' ';

            break;

        case 'o':

            str = number(str, va_arg(args, unsigned long), 8,

                field_width, precision, flags);

            break;

        case 'p':

            if (field_width == -1) {

                field_width = 8;

                flags |= ZEROPAD;

            }

            str = number(str,

                (unsigned long) va_arg(args, void *), 16,

                field_width, precision, flags);

            break;

        case 'x':

            flags |= SMALL;

        case 'X':

            str = number(str, va_arg(args, unsigned long), 16,

                field_width, precision, flags);

            break;

        case 'd':

        case 'i':

            flags |= SIGN;

        case 'u':

            str = number(str, va_arg(args, unsigned long), 10,

                field_width, precision, flags);

            break;

        case 'n':

            ip = va_arg(args, int *);

            *ip = (str - buf);

            break;

        default:

            if (*fmt != '%')

                *str++ = '%';

            if (*fmt)

                *str++ = *fmt;

            else

                --fmt;

            break;

        }

    }

    *str = '/0';

    return str-buf;

}

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