多线程编程——几种线程同步机制

先来看看一般的多线程共用一个资源的情况：

 

#include "stdafx.h" #include "windows.h" const int 100; int workID=10; DWORD threadfunone(LPVOID lParam) { for(;;) { workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the workID of threadfunone is:%d/n",workID); } return 0; } DWORD threadfuntwo(LPVOID lParam) { for(;;) { workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the workID of threadfuntwo is:%d/n",workID); } } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR *argv[]) { HANDLE thread1,thread2; thread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfunone,NULL,0,NULL); thread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfuntwo,NULL,0,NULL); CloseHandle(thread1); CloseHandle(thread2); while(1); return 0; }

 

 

程序输出结果为：

 

the workID of threadonefun is:12
the workID of threadtwo is 12
the workID of threadonefun is:14
the workID of threadtwo is 14
the workID of threadonefun is:16
the workID of threadtwo is 16
the workID of threadonefun is:18
the workID of threadtwo is 18
the workID of threadonefun is:20
the workID of threadtwo is 20
.....

 

线程1和线程2输出的数一样，显然与预计的结果不符（预计输出结果为从10到100顺序输出）

下面来看看互斥对象方法来解决线程同步问题：

 

#include "stdafx.h" #include "windows.h" int workID=10; const int MAX_WORK_ID=100; HANDLE mutex; DWORD _stdcall threadfunone(LPVOID lParam) { while(workID<MAX_WORK_ID) { ::WaitForSingleObject(mutex,INFINITE); workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the workID of thread one is:%d/n",workID); ::ReleaseMutex(mutex); } return 0; } DWORD _stdcall threadfuntwo(LPVOID lParam) { while(workID<MAX_WORK_ID) { ::WaitForSingleObject(mutex,INFINITE); workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the workID of thread two is:%d/n",workID); } return 0; } int _tmain(int *argc,_TCHAR *argv[]) { HANDLE thread1,thread2; mutex=CreateMutex(NULL,false,"newmutex"); thread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfunone,NULL,0,NULL); thread2=CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfuntwo,NULL,0,NULL); CloseHandle(thread1); CloseHandle(thread2); while(1); return 0; }

 

输出结果为：

 

the work id of thread one is:11
the work id of thread two is:12
the work id of thread one is:13
the work id of thread two is:14
the work id of thread one is:15
the work id of thread two is:16
the work id of thread one is:17
the work id of thread two is:18
......

 

线程1和线程2明显实现了同步共享资源。

 

 下面来看看临界区实现线程同步使用公共资源：

// WIN32.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> int workID=10; const int MAX_WORK_ID=100; CRITICAL_SECTION section; DWORD _stdcall threadfunone(LPVOID lParam) { while(workID<MAX_WORK_ID) { ::EnterCriticalSection(§ion); workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the thread one of workID is:%d/n",workID); ::LeaveCriticalSection(§ion); } return 0; } DWORD _stdcall threadfuntwo(LPVOID lParam) { while(workID<MAX_WORK_ID) { ::EnterCriticalSection(§ion); workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the thread two of workid is:%d/n",workID); ::LeaveCriticalSection(§ion); } return 0; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { ::InitializeCriticalSection(§ion); HANDLE thread1,thread2; thread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfunone,NULL,0,NULL); thread2=::CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfuntwo,NULL,0,NULL); while(1); return 0; }

 

程序输出结果为：

 

the thread two of workid is:11
the thread one of workID is:12
the thread two of workid is:13
the thread one of workID is:14
the thread two of workid is:15
the thread one of workID is:16
the thread two of workid is:17
the thread one of workID is:18
.....

 

依然能够实现多线程使用公共资源。

 

再来看看事件实现线程同步：

 

// WIN32.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> int workID=10; const int MAX_WORK_ID=100; HANDLE hevent; DWORD _stdcall threadfunone(LPVOID lParam) { while(workID<MAX_WORK_ID) { WaitForSingleObject(hevent,INFINITE); workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the workID of threadone is:%d/n",workID); SetEvent(hevent); } return 0; } DWORD _stdcall threadfuntwo(LPVOID lParam) { while(workID<MAX_WORK_ID) { WaitForSingleObject(hevent,INFINITE); workID+=1; Sleep(1000); printf("the workID of threadtwo is:%d/n",workID); SetEvent(hevent); } return 0; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { hevent=::CreateEvent(NULL,false,true,L"event"); HANDLE thread1,thread2; thread1=CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfunone,NULL,0,NULL); thread2=::CreateThread(NULL,0,threadfuntwo,NULL,0,NULL); while(1); return 0; }

 

程序输出结果为：

 

the workID of threadone is:11
the workID of threadone is:12
the workID of threadtwo is:13
the workID of threadone is:14
the workID of threadtwo is:15
the workID of threadone is:16
the workID of threadtwo is:17
the workID of threadone is:18
the workID of threadtwo is:19
the workID of threadone is:20
......

 

也实现了线程同步机制。

 

 

对于以上3种线程同步机制的内部原理，我也不能说的很清楚，书上只是说了个大概，云里雾里的，估计要等到以后看《windows核心编程》的时候才能给出适当解释，在这里，我暂时先把互斥对象方法理解为：系统创建了一个容器MUTEX，这个容器里每次只能装多个线程中的一个共享资源，且只能将这个资源供给一个线程使用，如果多个线程同时访问它的话，就按先来先使用的方法排队等待，直到使用这个共享资源的东西释放了它。

对临界区的理解也类似：对于临界区部分内的资源，如果多个线程共享的话，按先来先使用的方法来使用，每次只能供一个线程使用。

对事件的理解也类似：多个线程共同使用一个事件对象，当多个线程内有共享资源时，按先来先使用（资源）的方法，每次只能供一个线程使用。