udp小实验

//client.h
#include <string.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>        
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <errno.h>

const int SERV_PORT = 9000;
const int MAXLINE = 4096;

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    if (argc != 2) {
        error(1, 0, "usage: udpclient <IPaddress>");
    }
    
    int socket_fd;
    socket_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
    inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &server_addr.sin_addr);

    socklen_t server_len = sizeof(server_addr);

    struct sockaddr* reply_addr = (struct sockaddr* )malloc(server_len);

    char send_line[MAXLINE], recv_line[MAXLINE + 1];
    socklen_t len;
    int n;

    while (fgets(send_line, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
        int i = strlen(send_line);
        if (send_line[i - 1] == '\n') {
            send_line[i - 1] = 0;
        }

        printf("now sending %s\n", send_line);
        size_t rt = sendto(socket_fd, send_line, strlen(send_line), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, server_len);
        if (rt < 0) {
            error(1, errno, "send failed ");
        }
        printf("send bytes: %zu \n", rt);

        len = 0;
        n = recvfrom(socket_fd, recv_line, MAXLINE, 0, reply_addr, &len);
        if (n < 0)
            error(1, errno, "recvfrom failed");
        recv_line[n] = 0;
        fputs(recv_line, stdout);
        fputs("\n", stdout);
    }

    exit(0);
}

//server.h
#include <string.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>        
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>

static int count;
const int SERV_PORT = 9000;
const int MAXLINE = 4096;

static void recvfrom_int(int signo) {
    printf("\nreceived %d datagrams\n", count);
    exit(0);
}


int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int socket_fd;
    socket_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

    bind(socket_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

    socklen_t client_len;
    char message[MAXLINE];
    count = 0;

    signal(SIGINT, recvfrom_int);

    struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
    client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
    for (;;) {
        int n = recvfrom(socket_fd, message, MAXLINE, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, &client_len);
        message[n] = 0;
        printf("received %d bytes: %s\n", n, message);

        char send_line[MAXLINE];
        sprintf(send_line, "Hi, %s", message);

        sendto(socket_fd, send_line, strlen(send_line), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, client_len);

        count++;
    }

}```
1 如果只启动客户端，客户端阻塞，不会出现TCP的“”Connection refused“”错误
2 先启动服务器，在启动客户端，正常发送接受
3 先启动服务器，在启动多个客户端，正常发送接受
4 先启动客户端，在启动服务器，在客户端发送，可以正常发送接受
5 服务端退出，在启动也能正常发送接受
6 客户端延迟3秒发送，服务器还没接受到然后退出，数据丢失，客户端阻塞,即使重启了服务器也是阻塞住客户端