gcc 链接库的顺序问题

今天在编译的时候遇到一个gcc编译链接库顺序的问题，描述如下:

$ gcc elements.c -o par -L/usr/lib -lparsifal

编译通过，但是如下编译时出错

$ gcc -L/usr/lib -lparsifal elements.c -o par
/tmp/ccO82iYg.o: In function `main':
elements.c:(.text+0xcb): undefined reference to `XMLParser_Create'
elements.c:(.text+0x143): undefined reference to `XMLParser_Parse'
elements.c:(.text+0x187): undefined reference to `XMLParser_Free'
collect2: ld 返回 1

两者不同指出就是链接库指定的顺序不同。

查了相关资料总结：
gcc -l 解释如下:
       -l library
           Search the library named library when linking.  (The second alter-
           native with the library as a separate argument is only for POSIX
           compliance and is not recommended.)

           It makes a difference where in the command you write this option;
           the linker searches and processes libraries and object files in the
           order they are specified.  Thus, foo.o -lz bar.o searches library z
           after file foo.o but before bar.o.  If bar.o refers to functions in
           z, those functions may not be loaded.

看看gcc的帮助,有下面的选项
-Xlinker option
           Pass option as an option to the linker.  You can use this to supply
           system-specific linker options which GCC does not know how to rec-
           ognize.

           If you want to pass an option that takes an argument, you must use
           -Xlinker twice, once for the option and once for the argument.  For
           example, to pass -assert definitions, you must write -Xlinker
           -assert -Xlinker definitions.  It does not work to write -Xlinker
           "-assert definitions", because this passes the entire string as a
           single argument, which is not what the linker expects.

也就是说，-Xlinker是将连接选项传给连接器的，赶快看看ld的帮助有没有解决库顺序的选项吧:
 -( archives -)
       --start-group archives --end-group
           The archives should be a list of archive files.  They may be either
           explicit file names, or -l options.

           The specified archives are searched repeatedly until no  new  unde-
           fined  references  are  created.   Normally, an archive is searched
           only once in the order that it is specified on  the  command  line.
           If  a symbol in that archive is needed to resolve an undefined sym-
           bol referred to by an object in an archive that  appears  later  on
           the command line, the linker would not be able to resolve that ref-
           erence.  By grouping the archives, they all be searched  repeatedly
           until all possible references are resolved.

           Using  this  option has a significant performance cost.  It is best
           to use it only  when  there  are  unavoidable  circular  references
           between two or more archives.

最终的做法:
gcc -o output.bin -Xlinker "-(" la  lb -Xlinker "-)" -lrt

上面的方法是解决了，库之间相互依赖的问题，但是没有解决我一开始发现的问题，

只能暂时总结为：

gcc 链接时优先选择从后面给出的库中找符号。

所以编译时应将链接库的指定放在后面。

参考文章：

http://www.cppblog.com/findingworld/archive/2008/11/09/66408.html