erlang 备忘

1.   a 是模块名：

     begin c(a,[debug_info]), im(), ii(a), iaa([init]) end.

    用于调试数据。

1.1 常用list, tuple 方法

     List = [one,two,three].

     tl(List).

     hd(List).

     lenght(List).

   

    Tuple = [1,2,3,4,5].

    tuple_size(Tuple).

    element(2,Tuple).

    setelement(3,Tuple,three).

    erlang:append_element(Tuple, 6).

2. 字符串格式化

2.1
%% ~c 表示只接受 ASCII 码所表示的数字
%% ~f 表示浮点数输出，默认保留 6 为小数
%% ~w 表示输出一个 Erlang term
%% ~p 与 ~w 类似，不过 ~p 的输出是有格式的，默认一行的显示的最大长度为80，则多行时会自动换行
%% ~s 表示按字符串形式输出
%% ~n 表示换行符
%% ~ts表示translation string，用来显示unicode，支持中文
format(Format, Args)->
   lists:flatten(io_lib:format(Format,Args)).

mytest() ->
   Cmd = format("select user_id from users where device_id=~s;",["abc"]).

% 结果：select user_id from users where device_id=abc;

2.2 进程字典的使用：
A = [{"t","reg"},{"a","123"},{"b","456"}],
C = ets:new(xx,[set]),

B = lists:foreach(
   fun(X) ->
      {P,V} = X,
      io:format("ff:~p~p~n",[P,V]),
      erlang:put(P,V)
   end, A ),

% 得到所有并删除
Li = erlang:erase(), 
% 看年是不是空了
Li2 = erlang:get().
2.3  erlang des 加密测试
B5 = crypto:block_encrypt(des_cbc, "12345678", <<0:64>>, "87654321").
 %<<56,84,48,40,155,117,148,36>>
 crypto:block_decrypt(des_cbc, "12345678", <<0:64>>, B5).
 %<<"87654321">>
%//
encrypt(Text) ->
    crypto:start(),
    encrypt_chunk("12345678", list_to_binary(Text)).

encrypt_chunk(PassWord, BinTex) when byte_size(BinTex) >= 8 ->
    {Chunk, Rest} = split_binary(BinTex, 8),
    << (crypto:block_encrypt(des_ecb, PassWord, Chunk))/binary, (encrypt_chunk(PassWord, Rest))/binary >>;

encrypt_chunk(PassWord, <<>>) ->
    crypto:block_encrypt(des_ecb, PassWord, <<0:64>>);

encrypt_chunk(PassWord, BinTex) ->
    PadSize = (8 - byte_size(BinTex)) * 8,
    PadBin = <<BinTex/binary, 0:PadSize>>,
    crypto:block_encrypt(des_ecb, PassWord, PadBin).

decrypt(BinTex) ->
    binary_to_list(decrypt("12345678", BinTex)).

decrypt(PassWord, BinTex) when byte_size(BinTex) >= 8 ->
    {Chunk, Rest} = split_binary(BinTex, 8),
    case Rest of
        <<>> ->
            Result = crypto:block_decrypt(des_ecb, PassWord, Chunk),
            delete_pading(Result);
        _ ->
            << (crypto:block_decrypt(des_ecb, PassWord, Chunk))/binary ,(decrypt(PassWord, Rest))/binary >>
    end;
decrypt(PassWord, BinTex) ->
    Result = crypto:block_decrypt(des_ecb, PassWord, BinTex),
    delete_pading(Result).

delete_pading(<<0:64>>) ->
    <<>>;
delete_pading(<<A, 0:56>>) ->
    <<A>>;
delete_pading(<<A, B, 0:48>>) ->
    <<A, B>>;
delete_pading(<<A, B, C, 0:40>>) ->
    <<A, B, C>>;
delete_pading(<<A, B, C, D, 0:32>>) ->
    <<A, B, C, D>>;
delete_pading(<<A, B, C, D, E, 0:24>>) ->
    <<A, B, C, D, E>>;
delete_pading(<<A, B, C, D, E, F, 0:16>>) ->
    <<A, B, C, D, E, F>>;
delete_pading(<<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, 0:8>>) ->
    <<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>>;
delete_pading(Binary) ->
    Binary.

% test decode
Bret = base64:decode_to_string("AbIHxAf2Vn3fs5VQDpqLDg=="),
Bret2 = list_to_binary(Bret),
%Ds = encrypt("123456789"),
Ds2 = decrypt( Bret2 ),

2.4
base64 erlang 实现
 
 

  
  
10>base64:encode_to_string("Base64测试").
"QmFzZTY0suLK1A=="
11>base64:decode_to_string("QmFzZTY0suLK1A==").
"Base64测试" 
12>base64:decode_to_string("QmFzZTY0suL %^K1A==").
** exception error: no function clause matchingbase64:b64d_ok(bad) (base64
line 363)
in function base64:decode/2(base64.erl, line 264)
13>base64:mime_decode_to_string("QmFzZTY0suL K1A==").
"Base64测试" 
14>base64:mime_decode_to_string("QmFzZTY0suL %^ K1A==").
"Base64测试" 
 
 
2.5 url 编码和解码
34> End = http_uri:encode("luca+more@here.com").
"luca%2Bmore%40here.com"
35> http_uri:decode(End).
"luca+more@here.com"

3. erlang 命令行 （转坚强2002 ）

平时调试代码最比较郁闷的一个问题就是Erlang Shell一旦关闭刚刚输入过的命令历史就丢失了,如果能像维护一个输入命令的历史就方便了;下面的这一个项目就可以帮我们解决这个问题:

Projects / rlwrap
rlwrap
 rlwrap is a readline wrapper, a small utility that uses the GNU readline library to allow the editing of keyboard input for any other command. It maintains a separate input history for each command, and can TAB-expand words using all previously seen words and/or a user-specified file.

我的系统是Centos 5.6,安装方法如下:

wget 'http://utopia.knoware.nl/~hlub/rlwrap/rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz'
tar zxf rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz
cd rlwrap-0.37
./configure
make install

 注意:可能会提示缺少readline库,使用下面命令安装

 yum install readline-devel 

设置别名方便使用

 vi ~/.profile

添加别名

alias erl='/data/rlwrap/rlwrap-0.37/src/rlwrap -a  erl'

保存退出

重新加载别名

source ~/.profile

 

运行erl 输入几次关闭,再运行erl,试试上下箭头是不是刚刚输入的命令都还在?!

 

 还有好多Linux下的好工具等着我去挖掘呢,Go!

Mac上边有个简单的就是erlang-history

https://github.com/ferd/erlang-history

用sudo make install 安装就可以了，方便的很。

4. json 处理  节点的获取和对象删除
      

test_dict() ->
	Dict = dict:append("c",2,
	dict:append("c",1,
	dict:store("b", <<"hello">>,
	dict:store("a",123,dict:new())))),
	{ok, Obj, ""}=rfc4627:decode(rfc4627:encode(Dict)),
	{ok, 123} = rfc4627:get_field(Obj,"a"),
	{ok, <<"hello">>}=rfc4627:get_field(Obj,"b"),
	{ok, [1,2]}=rfc4627:get_field(Obj,"c"),
	passed.
	test_exclude() ->
	Dict = dict:store("c",2,
	dict:store("b", <<"hello">>,
	dict:store("a",123,dict:new()))),
	{ok, Obj, ""}=rfc4627:decode(rfc4627:encode(Dict)),
	Obj2 = rfc4627:exclude_field(Obj,"a"),
	true = rfc4627:equiv({obj, [{"c",2}, {"b", <<"hello">>}]},Obj2),
	Obj3 = rfc4627:exclude_field(Obj2,"b"),
	true = rfc4627:equiv({obj, [{"c",2}]},Obj3),
	Obj4 = rfc4627:exclude_field(Obj3,"x"),
	true = rfc4627:equiv({obj, [{"c",2}]},Obj4),
	Obj5 = rfc4627:exclude_field(Obj3,"c"),
	true = rfc4627:equiv({obj, []},Obj5),
	passed.

% Out2 = <<rtmp://pili-publish.alisports.com/alisports/5746713c75b6255cf102cb00?key=ec0c67a6-22b7-4a80-a7cc-f59bd53f3a97>>
S = xmerl_ucs:from_utf8(Out2),
结果 S: rtmp://pili-publish.alisports.com/alisports/5746713c75b6255cf102cb00?key=ec0c67a6-22b7-4a80-a7cc-f59bd53f3a97

5. json   处理

josn.erl:文件和xmerl_ucs.erl文件

Example 4-4. Generating the content
do(Q)->
 F = fun() ->
 qlc:e(Q) end,
 {atomic, Value} = mnesia:transaction(F), Value.

convert_to_json(Lines) ->
  Data = [{obj,
  {airport, Line#airport.code},
  {city, Line#airport.city},
  {country, Line#airport.country},
  {name, Line#airport.name}]}
  || Line <- Lines],
  JsonData = {obj, [{data, Data}]}, rfc4627:encode(JsonData).


handle('GET', _Arg) ->
   io:format("~n ~p:~p GET Request ~n", [?MODULE, ?LINE]),
   Records = do(qlc:q([X || X <- mnesia:table(airport)])),
   Json = convert_to_json( Records),
   io:format("~n ~p:~p GET Request Response ~p ~n", [?MODULE, ?LINE, Json]), {html, Json};

Example 4-5. Generating the content (pretty printed)
{
"data": [
    {
    "airport": "BOS", "city": "Boston", "country": "US", "name": "Logan"
    },
    {
    "airport": "JFK", "city": "New York", "country": "US",
"name": "John F Kennedy"
    } ]
}

% 返回数组的处理

%{"data":[{"name":"a","age":12},{"name":"b","age":15}]}
myjson()->
   Data = [{obj,[{name, <<"a">>}, {age, 12}]},
      {obj, [{name,<<"b">>}, {age, 15}] }],

   JsonData = {obj, [{data, Data}]},
   Ret = rfc4627:encode(JsonData),
   Ret.

% 简单串生成

% {"items":{"c":2,"b1":"d1"}}

mytest() ->
   Dict = dict:store("c", 2,
      dict:store("b", <<"hello">>,
         dict:store("a", 123, dict:new()))),

   {ok, Fobjd, ""} = rfc4627:decode(rfc4627:encode(Dict)),
   Nj = rfc4627:encode( Fobjd ),

   Fobj = {obj,[]},
   Fobj2 = rfc4627:set_field( Fobj, "items", {obj,[{"c",2 },{"b",<<"d">>}]} ).

6.  类型转化

比较纠结于数据类型转换，所以要经常熟悉看看

1> atom_to_list(hello).
"hello"
2> list_to_atom("hello").
hello
3> binary_to_list(<<"hello">>).
"hello"
4> binary_to_list(<<104,101,108,108,111>>).
"hello"
5> list_to_binary("hello").
<<104,101,108,108,111>>
6> float_to_list(7.0).
"7.00000000000000000000e+00"
7> list_to_float("7.000e+00").
7.0
8> integer_to_list(77).
"77"
9> list_to_integer("77").
77
10> tuple_to_list({a,b,c}).
[a,b,c]
11> list_to_tuple([a,b,c]).
{a,b,c}
12> term_to_binary({a,b,c}).
<<131,104,3,100,0,1,97,100,0,1,98,100,0,1,99>>
13> binary_to_term(<<131,104,3,100,0,1,97,100,0,1,98,100,0,1,99>>).
{a,b,c}

 7. erlang 数据项写入到文件当中，并且读取出来：

% 注意 ~p 后边的. 不能少。
unconsult(File, L) ->
   {ok, S} = file:open(File, write),
   lists:foreach(fun(X) -> io:format(S, "~p.~n",[X]) end, L),
   file:close(S).

％ 调用 

unconsult("a.tt", [{"1","2","3"}]),
{ok,S} = file:consult( "a.tt" ),
[{A,B,C}] = S.
// 

8. erlang 启动后脱离控制台的方法

erl启动使用  -detached 参数启动

这个参数可以让erl节点脱离了终端。

例如 ：   $erl -sname dp -detached

如何链接：
erl -sname dp2 -remsh dp@dp0304

如何退出：！！！超级要注意啊～～不能直接关掉退出

   ctrl +g 进入JCL模式

   输入  q  回车 
 
9.  erlport 的使用。
test()->
    {ok, P1} = python:start([{python_path, "/home/yangzm/tmp"},{python,"python2.7"}]),

    % 用try catch 捕获异常
    try
        A = python:call(P1, a, add2, ["aa","bb",22,55]),
        error_logger:info_msg("~w~n",[A])
    catch
        error:{python, Class, Argument, StackTrace} -> error
        % _:_ -> error  // catch all errors
    end,
    python:stop().%结束

# python 
import  sys
def version():   
    return sys.version
def get():
     return [1,2,3]
def get2():    
        return ["this", "is", "a", "test"]
def add(a,b):   
       return a+b
def add2(a,b,c,d):    
      return [a,b,c,d]

  

10.  copy 文件夹操作

1. -module(filemanager).  
2. %% ====================================================================  
3. %% API functions  
4. %% ====================================================================  
5.   
6. -export([startCopy/0]).  
7.   
8. startCopy() ->  
9.     FromDir="E:/workspace/HelloWorld/cmd",  
10.     TarDir="E:/workspace/HelloWorld/cmd_copy",  
11.     copyDir(FromDir,TarDir).  
12.   
13. %%拷贝文件夹 FromDir要拷贝的文件夹路径 TarDir 拷贝到的目标文件夹  
14. copyDir(FromDir,TarDir)->  
15.       
16.     %%获取当前文件夹的所有文件列表(包括子文件夹)  
17.     {ok,AllFile} = file:list_dir_all(FromDir),  
18.     %%创建目标文件夹  
19.     file:make_dir(TarDir),  
20.     %%尾递归遍历所有文件  
21.     loopCopy(AllFile,FromDir,TarDir).  
22.   
23. loopCopy(AllFile,FromDir,TarDir) ->  
24.     case AllFile of  
25.         [] ->  
26.             ok;  
27.         _ ->  
28.             %%每次拿第一个文件  One  
29.             [One|Other]=AllFile,  
30.             Path=FromDir++"/"++One,  
31.             Tar=TarDir++"/"++One,  
32.             %%判断当前文件是否是文件夹  
33.             IsDir= filelib:is_dir(Path),  
34.               
35.             %%if写法  所有判断的可能写在前面  true写在后面  
36.             if IsDir =:= false->  
37.                    %%如果当前是文件  则拷贝到目标路径  
38.                    file:copy(Path, Tar);  
39.                %%if 的默认值  
40.                true->  
41.                    %%如果当前是文件夹 在目标路径创建文件夹  并拷贝当前文件夹  
42.                    file:make_dir(Tar),  
43.                    copyDir(Path,Tar)  
44.             end,  
45.   
46.             %%递归第一个文件后面的文件  
47.             loopCopy(Other,FromDir,TarDir)  
48.     end. 
    

11  get module path

   

  {ModPath, _} = filename:find_src(?MODULE),
  AppPath = filename:dirname(filename:dirname(ModPath)),
  Path = filename:join(AppPath, "priv"),

  Str1 = filename:dirname( code:which( ?MODULE ) ),
  {ModPath, _} = filename:find_src(?MODULE),
  Path = filename:join(Str1, "priv"),
  error_logger:info_msg("~w",[Path]).

12.  目录,文件是否存在
      1.
   {Ret,_} = file:read_file_info( "/home/yangzm/test" )
   如果存在返回ok,不存在就是error。
    这个函数内部有捕获异常的处理，所以外部不用再处理了，这里的参数最后的斜杆，"test" 和 "test/"这两种写法，最后调用后结果是
一样的结果，都可以。
   2.
   filelib:ensure_dir(some dir...) 这个函数可以产生不存在的目录和文件。
   要注意就是如果是要产生目录最后一个“/” 要加上，否则就出错
   filelib:ensure_dir("/tmp/abc"), 要写成 filelib:ensure_dir("/tmp/abc/").
   否则产生的目录是没有abc 文件夹的。
   

 13. 
ubuntu下erlang man的安装
 
 

  
  
下载 http://www.erlang.org/download/otp_doc_man_18.1.tar.gz
  
  
找到erlang 安装目录 
  
  
解压 otp_doc_man_18.1.tar.gz
  
  
sudo cp -r man /usr/local/lib/erlang
  
  
erl -man lists 查看结果
 
 
14. 元祖排序
1> lists:reverse(lists:keysort(2, [{a,2}, {b,1}, {c, 3}])).
[{c,3},{a,2},{b,1}]
2> lists:keysort(2, [{a,2}, {b,1}, {c, 3}]).               
[{b,1},{a,2},{c,3}]
3> lists:sort(fun(A, B) ->
3> 
3>                    {_, A2} = A,
3> 
3>                    {_, B2} = B,
3> 
3>                    A2 =< B2
3> 
3>            end, [{a,2},{b,1},{c,3}]).
[{b,1},{a,2},{c,3}]
4>