BM00017——|bookmarks|kali-linux2020.4配置固定IP地址/开启root权限/开启ssh服务/配置国内源地址|

一、kali-linux启动root账户权限，并使用root登录xshell远程工具：

//1、在普通用户下设置root密码;开启root用户权限
┌──(yanqi㉿kali)-[~]         
└─$ sudo passwd root           
[sudo] password for yanqi:  
New password:               
Retype new password:        
passwd: password updated successfully

//2、在非root账户下，输入当前用户的密码即可开启临时root权限
┌──(yanqi㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo -i
[sudo] yanqi 的密码：
┏━(Message from Kali developers)
┃ We have kept /usr/bin/python pointing to Python 2 for backwards
┃ compatibility. Learn how to change this and avoid this message:
┃ ⇒ https://www.kali.org/docs/general-use/python3-transition/
┗━(Run “touch ~/.hushlogin” to hide this message)
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]     //此刻你就可以在root下执行一些操作
└─#

二、kali-linux配置虚拟机静态IP地址：kali-linux不支持内置网卡，仅仅支持USB网卡

//添加静态IP地址（oracle vm virtualBox设置为桥接模式）：
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]             
└─#  vim /etc/network/interfaces
allow-hotplug eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.96
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# systemctl restart networking.service

三、开启kali-linux ssh服务并使用xshell远程连接：

//1、修改ssh服务配置文件，并启动ssh服务
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]         
└─# apt-get install openssh-server openssh-client
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]         
└─# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
//OR
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# /etc/init.d/ssh start
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]         
└─# /etc/init.d/ssh status  
                 
//2、若是ssh服务连接不上，生成一下两个秘钥文件,执行命令时需要输入密码，直接回车设置为空即可         
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]         
└─# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
                 
//3、设置系统自动启动ssh服务
方案一：
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]         
└─# sysv-rc-conf                        
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# sysv-rc-conf --list | grep ssh
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]             //开启系统自动启动SSH服务
└─# sysv-rc-conf ssh on     
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]             //关闭系统自动启动SSH服务
└─# sysv-rc-conf ssh off
方案二：
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]             //系统自动启动SSH服务   
└─# update-rc.d ssh enable 
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]             // 关闭系统自动启动SSH服务
└─# update-rc.d ssh disabled

四、更改kali-linux下载源地址为国内源

┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# vim /etc/apt/sources.list        //注释之前kali-linux原有的源，//使用清华源地址
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free 
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free 
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]                 //更新源列表，若是修改源列表或者想要同步刷新或添加新的源地址执行
└─# apt-get update          
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# apt-get upgrade                 //将尝试下载在apt服务器上具有更新的所有软件包，然后按下 “y”时安装;
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]                 //该命令也是更新所有软件包。
└─# apt-get dist-upgrade            //upgrade更新时；如果依赖关系无法解决可能会报错或者停止，                                   
                                    //dist-upgrade命令可以自动解决依赖关系。因此dist-upgrade可能会更新不希望更新的软件，导致一些需要依赖旧包的软件无法运行
                                    //apt-get dist-upgrade慎用。一般使用 apt-get update && apt-get upgrade 可以保证系统的完整性。

//一般我们更新源后对软件进行一次整体更新：分下面三步执行：
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# apt-get update && apt-get upgrade    //可以保证系统的完整性（upgrade更新，若依赖关系无法解决可能会报错或停止）。
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]                     //该命令也是更新所有软件包（慎用：自动解决依赖关系，可能更新一些不需要更新的包，导致一些需要依赖就报的程序无法运行）。
└─# apt-get dist-upgrade
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─#  apt-get clean                       //清理源仓库

kali-linux源地址：

# kali官方源 
deb http://http.kali.org/ moto main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://http.kali.org/ moto main non-free contrib
deb http://security.kali.org/ moto/updates main contrib non-free 
deb-src http://security.kali.org/ moto/updates main contrib non-free
#清华大学 
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free 
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free 
#阿里云kali源 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
#中科大kali源 
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
#新加坡kali源
 deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib 
 deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib 
 deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free 
 deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free 
 deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
#163 Kali源 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib 
#浙大 
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free 
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
#东软大学 
deb http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib