CC00060.LinuxNetwork——|Linux&Centos7.x&LNMP.V02|

一、源码软件包安装：安装nginx

### --- Nginx

~~~     Nginx是一款轻量级的web服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件(IMAP/POP3)代理服务器，
~~~     在BSD-like协议下发行，其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强。

### --- 下载nginx源码包

[root@server11 ~]# mkdir /lnmp
[root@server11 ~]# cd /lnmp/
[root@server11 lnmp]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@server11 lnmp]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

### --- 创建用于运行nginx的用户

[root@server11 lnmp]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx

### --- 解压缩并安装

[root@server11 lnmp]# cd nginx-1.12.2/
[root@server11 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module && make && make install 
[root@server11 nginx-1.12.2]# echo $?
0
[root@server11 nginx-1.12.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@server11 nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -antp    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13762/nginx: master

### --- 验证：
~~~     http://10.10.10.11/
~~~ Welcome to nginx!
    
### --- 上传编写好的nginx启动管理脚本(见文本尾部)
~~~     配置启动脚本，见三、附件

二、安装MySQL

### --- 安装MySQL
~~~     下载：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads.mysql/
~~~     选择：MySQL Community SERVER 5.5 >>
~~~     选择：Select Version：按照自己要求选择
~~~             Select Operating System：Source Code
~~~             Select OS Version：Generic Linux
~~~     格式：mysql-N.N.NN.tar.gz

[root@server11 nginx-1.12.2]# cd ..
[root@server11 lnmp]# wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz
~~~     #OR
[root@server11 lnmp]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.5.62-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

### --- 创建用于运行MySQL的用户：

[root@server11 lnmp]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

### --- 解压缩MySQL并安装

[root@server11 lnmp]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.25a.tar.gz 
[root@server11 lnmp]# cd mysql-5.5.25a/
[root@server11 mysql-5.5.25a]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
> -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
>  -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 // 第一次编译失败删除目录可以解决，不然可能会报错
[root@server11 mysql-5.5.25a]# echo $?
0
[root@server11 mysql-5.5.25a]# make && make install
[root@server11 mysql-5.5.25a]# echo $?
0
[root@server11 mysql-5.5.25a]#  ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin

### --- 修改安装后的目录权限

[root@server11 mysql-5.5.25a]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@server11 mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@server11 mysql]# chown -R mysql data/

### --- 生成MySQL配置文件

[root@server11 mysql]# cp -a /lnmp/mysql-5.5.25a/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite '/etc/my.cnf'? y

### --- 初始化。生成授权表

[root@server11 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/                         // 一定要先切换到此目录下，然后在执行下一步、
[root@server11 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql      // 初始化成功标志：两个ok

### --- 生成MySQL的启动和自启动管理脚本

[root@server11 mysql]# cd /lnmp/mysql-5.5.25a/support-files/        // 切换到MySQL的源码解压缩目录下的support-files
[root@server11 support-files]# cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@server11 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@server11 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@server11 support-files]# systemctl status mysqld
 ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@server11 support-files]# systemctl start mysqld
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@server11 support-files]# netstat -antp
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24400/mysqld //2.7、给MySQL的root用户设置密码
[root@server11 support-files]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456
[root@server11 support-files]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 123456
mysql>

三、PHP

### --- 下载：http://www.php.net/

[root@server11 lnmp]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.1.29.tar.gz
[root@server11 lnmp]# tar -zxvf php-7.1.29.tar.gz
[root@server11 lnmp]# cd php-7.1.29/

### --- 解压缩PHP并安装

[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php/ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc/ \
> --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-soap --enable-mbstring=all --enable-sockets \
> --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-gd --without-pear --enable-fpm
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE.  By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

config.status: creating php7.spec
config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
config.status: creating scripts/phpize
config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
config.status: creating scripts/php-config
config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/www.conf
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.8
config.status: creating sapi/fpm/status.html
config.status: creating sapi/phpdbg/phpdbg.1
config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands

### --- 报错信息
If configure fails try --with-webp-dir=<DIR>
If configure fails try --with-jpeg-dir=<DIR>
configure: error: png.h not found.

### --- 解决方案：
[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# yum install -y libpng
[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# yum install -y libpng-devel

[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# make && make install 
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.

Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20160303/
Installing PHP CLI binary:        /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary:        /usr/local/php/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM defconfig:     /usr/local/php/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page:   /usr/local/php/php/php/fpm/
Installing phpdbg binary:         /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing phpdbg man page:       /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary:        /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/build/
Installing header files:          /usr/local/php/include/php/
Installing helper programs:       /usr/local/php/bin/
  program: phpize
  program: php-config
Installing man pages:             /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
  page: phpize.1
  page: php-config.1
/lnmp/php-7.1.29/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:           /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/

### --- 报错信息：
~~~     若遇到libpeng.so not found.报错(老版本的PHP会出现此问题)

### --- 解决方案：
[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libpng.so /usr/lib

### --- 生成PHP配置文件
[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# cp -a /lnmp/php-7.1.29/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini    #复制源码包内的配置文件到安装目录下，并改名即可

### --- 创建软连接，使用PHP相关命令是更方便
[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

四、配置nginx连接PHP(重难点)

### --- 配置nginx连接PHP(重难点)

~~~     当由用户通过nginx的80端口进行请求，nginx响应并判断用户的请求，
~~~     若是普通的HTML的页面，nginx会直接返回结果，若是PHP的页面，
~~~     nginx会主动向php-fpm发起请求，告诉它有一个PHP的页面需要解析，你找PHP解析一下。
~~~     nginx连接PHP是借助了PHP-fpm：9000端口来完成连接，
~~~     而Apache是通过模块来实现连接的。

### --- nginx连接PHP需要启动php-fpm服务
~~~     启动时开启的进程数、最少空闲进程数、做多空闲进程数(默认值，未修改)
~~~     修改nginx启动管理脚本，将php-fpm的注释取消掉即可

[root@server11 php-7.1.29]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@server11 etc]# cp -a php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf  // 生成php-fpm的配置文件，并修改制定参数
[root@server11 etc]# vim php-fpm.conf                         // 修改指定条目的参数：
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
#include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf                  // 修改下面的配置文件；和centos6.x相比把一个php-fpm.conf拆分成两个配置文件：php-fpm.conf和www.conf
[root@server11 etc]# ll php-fpm.d/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18781 Feb 13 01:36 www.conf.default
[root@server11 etc]# cp -a php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@server11 etc]# vim php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = nginx                                                  // 默认是nobody
group = nginx      
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3

### --- 修改nginx的配置文件，使其识别.php后缀的文件

[root@server11 ~]# cp -a /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bac
[root@server11 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf      // 取消下列的注释，并修改include选项的后缀为fastcgi.conf，并注意每一行结尾的分号和大括号
user nginx;                                                  // 默认是nobody；默认是注销的，开启即可
        location ~ \.php$ {                                  // 默认是注释的，取消注释。不需要进行任何修改，只需要取消注释
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi.conf;                     // 把fastcgi_params;   修改为fastcgi.conf     #默认是fastcgi_params;，建议修改为fastcfi.conf，不然会报错。
        }  
[root@server11 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@server11 ~]# chmod  +x /etc/init.d/nginx 
[root@server11 ~]# chkconfig --add nginx                     // 添加到开机自启里面
[root@server11 ~]# service nginx start
nginx service start success!
[root@server11 ~]# service nginx restart
nginx service stop success!
nginx service start success!

### --- 测试：
### --- 重启nginx服务，创建PHP测试文件，访问并查看是否解析

[root@server11 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@server11 ~]# netstat -antp
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      22169/php-fpm: mast 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      24400/mysqld        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13762/nginx: master //4.3、写入PHP的测试页面
[root@server11 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
 <?php
        phpinfo();
### --- 访问验证：http://10.10.10.11/index.php                 // 可以正常获取PHP 5.6.38版本的信息

### --- 修改nginx配置文件，使其默认自动加载PHP文件
### --- 验证：
~~~     访问http://10.10.10.11/显示PHP的解析页面PHP Version 7.1.29，
~~~     谁在前面就优先加载谁，若是都没有，就显示该目录下的文件列表

[root@server11 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.php index.htm;              // 加入index.php的解析页面
        }
[root@server11 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html      // 把index.html的配置文件删除

五、附件：建议使用时先复制到文本文件中查看是否有字符集问题

##################################Nginx自动的管理脚本#############################

[root@server11 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
#Author: yanqi
#chkconfig: 2345 99 33
#description:nginx server control tools

ngxc="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
pidf="usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
ngxc_fpm="/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm"
pidf_fpm="/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid"
case "$1" in
    start)
        $ngxc -t &> /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
                $ngxc
                $ngxc_fpm
                echo "nginx service start success!"
        else
                $ngxc -t
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        kill -s QUIT $(cat $pidf)
        kill -s QUIT $(cat $pidf_fpm)
                echo "nginx service stop success!"
        ;;
    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
    reload)
        $ngxc -t &> /dev/mull
        if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
                kill -s HUP $(cat $pidf)
                kill -s HUP $(cat $pidf_fpm)
                echo "reload nginx config success!"
        else
                $ngxc -t
        fi
        ;;
    *)
        echo "please input stop|start|restart|reload."
        exit 1
esac