构建卷积神经网络

卷积网络中的输入和层与传统神经网络有些区别，需重新设计，训练模块基本一致

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim   # 优化器
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torchvision import datasets, transforms 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

首先读取数据

• 分别构建训练集和测试集（验证集）
• DataLoader来迭代取数据

# 定义超参数
input_size = 28 # 图像尺寸：28*28
num_classes = 10 # 标签的类别数
num_epoches = 3 # 训练的总循环周期
batch_size = 64 # 一个批次的大小， 64张图片

# 训练集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor(), download=True) 

# 训练集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data',  
                            train=True,   
                            transform=transforms.ToTensor(),  
                            download=True) 

# 测试集
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data', 
                           train=False, 
                           transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# 构建batch数据
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset, 
                                           batch_size=batch_size, 
                                           shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset, 
                                           batch_size=batch_size, 
                                           shuffle=True)

卷积网络模块构建

• 一般卷积层，relu层，池化层可以写成一组
• 注意卷积最后结果还是一个特征图，需要把图转换成向量才能做分类或者回归任务

class CNN(nn.Module):
	def __init(self):
		super(CNN, self).__init__()
		
		self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
		    nn.Conv2d(
               in_channels=1,              # 灰度图
               out_channels=16,            # 要得到几多少个特征图
               kernel_size=5,              # 卷积核大小
               stride=1,                   # 步长
               padding=2,                  # 如果希望卷积后大小跟原来一样，需要设置padding=(kernel_size-1)/2 if stride=1
           	),
         	nn.ReLU(),
         	nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2),
        )
		
        self.conv2 = nn.Sequential(         # 下一个卷积层的输入 (16, 14, 14)
            nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5, 1, 2),     # 输出 (32, 14, 14)
            nn.ReLU(),                      # relu层
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),                # 输出 (32, 7, 7)
        )
        
        self.out = nn.Linear(32 * 7 * 7, 10)   # 全连接层得到的结果
       
	def forward(self, x):
		x = self.conv1(x)
		x = self.conv2(x)
		x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)   # resize操作，结果为：(batch_size, 32 * 7 * 7)
		output = self.out(x)
		return output

准确率作为评估标准

def accuracy(predictions, labels):
    pred = torch.max(predictions.data, 1)[1] 
    rights = pred.eq(labels.data.view_as(pred)).sum() 
    return rights, len(labels) 

训练网络模型

# 实例化
net = CNN()

# 定义损失函数
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 优化器
optimizer = optim.Adam(net.parameter(), lr=0.001)    #定义优化器，普通的随机梯度下降算法

# 开始训练循环
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
	# 当前epoch的结果保存下来
	train_rights = []
	
	for bathc_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):  #针对容器中的每一个批进行循环
        net.train()                             
        output = net(data) 
        loss = criterion(output, target) 
        optimizer.zero_grad()   # 梯度清零
        loss.backward()         # 反向传播
        optimizer.step() 
        right = accuracy(output, target) 
        train_rights.append(right) 
	
		if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
			net.eval()  # 评估时，不优化模型
			val_right = []
	
			for (data, target) in test_loader:
				output = net(data)
				right = accuracy(output, target)
				val_rights.append(right)

			# 准确率计算
			train_r = (sum([tup[0] for tup in train_rights]), sum([tup[1] for tup in train_rights]))
		            val_r = (sum([tup[0] for tup in val_rights]), sum([tup[1] for tup in val_rights]))
		
			print('当前epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\t损失: {:.6f}\t训练集准确率: {:.2f}%\t测试集正确率: {:.2f}%'.format(
		                epoch, batch_idx * batch_size, len(train_loader.dataset),
		                100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), 
		                loss.data, 
		                100. * train_r[0].numpy() / train_r[1], 
		                100. * val_r[0].numpy() / val_r[1]))