java文字识别技术（亲测，识别率很高）

    java文字识别程序的关键是寻找一个可以调用的OCR引擎。tesseract-ocr就是一个这样的OCR引擎，在1985年到1995年由HP实验室开发，现在在Google。tesseract-ocr 3.0发布，支持中文。不过tesseract-ocr 3.0不是图形化界面的客户端，别人写的FreeOCR图形化客户端还不支持导入新的 3.0 traineddata。但这标志着，现在有自由的中文OCR软件了。

    java中使用tesseract-ocr3.01的步骤如下：

1.下载安装tesseract-ocr-setup-3.01-1.exe（3.0以上版本才增加了中文识别）

2.在安装向导中可以选择需要下载的语言包。

3.到网上搜索下载java图形处理所需的2个包：jai_imageio-1.1-alpha.jar，swingx-1.6.1.jar

4.java程序清单：

ImageIOHelper 类：

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Locale;

import javax.imageio.IIOImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;
import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadata;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;

import com.sun.media.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageWriteParam;

public class ImageIOHelper {  
      
    public static File createImage(File imageFile, String imageFormat) {  
        File tempFile = null;  
        try {  
            Iterator readers = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(imageFormat);  
            ImageReader reader = readers.next();  
          
            ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);  
            reader.setInput(iis);  
            //Read the stream metadata  
            IIOMetadata streamMetadata = reader.getStreamMetadata();  
              
            //Set up the writeParam  
            TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(Locale.CHINESE);  
            tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);  
              
            //Get tif writer and set output to file  
            Iterator writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");  
            ImageWriter writer = writers.next();  
              
            BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0);  
            IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi,null,reader.getImageMetadata(0));  
            tempFile = tempImageFile(imageFile);  
            ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);  
            writer.setOutput(ios);  
            writer.write(streamMetadata, image, tiffWriteParam);  
            ios.close();  
              
            writer.dispose();  
            reader.dispose();  
              
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return tempFile;  
    }  
  
    private static File tempImageFile(File imageFile) {  
        String path = imageFile.getPath();  
        StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer(path);  
        strB.insert(path.lastIndexOf('.'),0);  
        return new File(strB.toString().replaceFirst("(?<=//.)(//w+)$", "tif"));  
    }  
  
}

 

OCR 类：

package com.hhp.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;  
import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  
import org.jdesktop.swingx.util.OS;  
  
public class OCR {  
    private final String LANG_OPTION = "-l";  //英文字母小写l，并非数字1  
    private final String EOL = System.getProperty("line.separator");  
    private String tessPath = "C://Program Files (x86)//Tesseract-OCR";  
    //private String tessPath = new File("tesseract").getAbsolutePath();  
      
    public String recognizeText(File imageFile,String imageFormat)throws Exception{  
        File tempImage = ImageIOHelper.createImage(imageFile,imageFormat);  
        File outputFile = new File(imageFile.getParentFile(),"output");  
        StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer();  
        List cmd = new ArrayList();  
        if(OS.isWindowsXP()){  
            cmd.add(tessPath+"//tesseract");  
        }else if(OS.isLinux()){  
            cmd.add("tesseract");  
        }else{  
            cmd.add(tessPath+"//tesseract");  
        }  
        cmd.add("");  
        cmd.add(outputFile.getName());  
        cmd.add(LANG_OPTION);  
        cmd.add("chi_sim");  
        //cmd.add("eng");  
          
        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();  
        pb.directory(imageFile.getParentFile());  
          
        cmd.set(1, tempImage.getName());  
        pb.command(cmd);  
        pb.redirectErrorStream(true);  
          
        Process process = pb.start();  
        //tesseract.exe 1.jpg 1 -l chi_sim  
        int w = process.waitFor();  
          
        //删除临时正在工作文件  
        tempImage.delete();  
          
        if(w==0){  
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(outputFile.getAbsolutePath()+".txt"),"UTF-8"));  
              
            String str;  
            while((str = in.readLine())!=null){  
                strB.append(str).append(EOL);  
            }  
            in.close();  
        }else{  
            String msg;  
            switch(w){  
                case 1:  
                    msg = "Errors accessing files.There may be spaces in your image's filename.";  
                    break;  
                case 29:  
                    msg = "Cannot recongnize the image or its selected region.";  
                    break;  
                case 31:  
                    msg = "Unsupported image format.";  
                    break;  
                default:  
                    msg = "Errors occurred.";  
            }  
            tempImage.delete();  
            throw new RuntimeException(msg);  
        }  
        new File(outputFile.getAbsolutePath()+".txt").delete();  
        return strB.toString();  
    }  
}  


 

测试类TestOCR ：

 

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import com.hhp.util.OCR;

public class OcrTest {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        String path = "C://temp//OCRcode//4.png";     
        System.out.println("ORC Test Begin......");
        try {     
            String valCode = new OCR().recognizeText(new File(path), "png");     
            System.out.println(valCode);     
        } catch (IOException e) {     
            e.printStackTrace();     
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }       
        System.out.println("ORC Test End......");
    }  

}

经过测试，tesseract-ocr 3.01的文字识别率很高，对于网站中常见的验证码识别率也很高。