Zookeeper数据模型介绍

Zookeeper的视图结构和标准的Unix文件系统非常类似，但没有引入传统文件系统中目录和文件等相关概念，而是使用了其特有的"数据节点"概念，我们称之为ZNode（对应java中的DataNode），每个ZNode上都可以保存数据，同时还挂载子节点，是层次化的，用树表示，zookeeper的数据结构如下图

通过get可以得到节点的信息，如下图

     

在Java中对应如下代码：定义一个parent指向父节点，子节点用Set<String>children表示

public class DataNode implements Record {
    /** the parent of this datanode */
    DataNode parent;

    /** the data for this datanode */
    byte data[];

    /**
     * the acl map long for this datanode. the datatree has the map
     */
    Long acl;

    /**
     * the stat for this node that is persisted to disk.
     */
    public StatPersisted stat;

    /**
     * the list of children for this node. note that the list of children string
     * does not contain the parent path -- just the last part of the path. This
     * should be synchronized on except deserializing (for speed up issues).
     */
    private Set<String> children = null;

    /**
     * default constructor for the datanode
     */
    DataNode() {
        // default constructor
    }
    /*
     *省略部分代码
     */
}

StatePersisted可以看到额外的信息：

public class StatPersisted implements Record {
  private long czxid;
  private long mzxid;
  private long ctime;
  private long mtime;
  private int version;
  private int cversion;
  private int aversion;
  private long ephemeralOwner;
  private long pzxid;
  public StatPersisted() {
  }
    /*
     * 省略部分代码
     */
}

StatePersisted属性解释如下表（来源：从Paxos到Zookeeper）：

ZKDatabase

/**
 * This class maintains the in memory database of zookeeper
 * server states that includes the sessions, datatree and the
 * committed logs. It is booted up  after reading the logs
 * and snapshots from the disk.
 */
public class ZKDatabase {
    
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZKDatabase.class);
    
    /**
     * make sure on a clear you take care of 
     * all these members.
     */
    protected DataTree dataTree;
    protected FileTxnSnapLog snapLog;
    protected long minCommittedLog, maxCommittedLog;
    protected LinkedList<Proposal>  committedLog = new LinkedList<Proposal>();
}

ZKDatabase 这个类在内存中维护了zookeeper的一些状态信息，譬如会话、datatree和已提交日志信息。启动的时候读取磁盘上的日志和快照，把相关信息load到内存里面。
ZKDatabase 里面有多个重要元素组成：DataTree

DataTree

/**
 * This class maintains the tree data structure. It doesn't have any networking
 * or client connection code in it so that it can be tested in a stand alone
 * way.
 * <p>
 * The tree maintains two parallel data structures: a hashtable that maps from
 * full paths to DataNodes and a tree of DataNodes. All accesses to a path is
 * through the hashtable. The tree is traversed only when serializing to disk.
 */
public class DataTree {
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataTree.class);

    /**
     * This hashtable provides a fast lookup to the datanodes. The tree is the
     * source of truth and is where all the locking occurs
     */
    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, DataNode> nodes =
        new ConcurrentHashMap<String, DataNode>();

    private final WatchManager dataWatches = new WatchManager();

    private final WatchManager childWatches = new WatchManager();

    /** the root of zookeeper tree */
    private static final String rootZookeeper = "/";

    /** the zookeeper nodes that acts as the management and status node **/
    private static final String procZookeeper = Quotas.procZookeeper;

    /** this will be the string thats stored as a child of root */
    private static final String procChildZookeeper = procZookeeper.substring(1);

    /**
     * the zookeeper quota node that acts as the quota management node for
     * zookeeper
     */
    private static final String quotaZookeeper = Quotas.quotaZookeeper;

    /** this will be the string thats stored as a child of /zookeeper */
    private static final String quotaChildZookeeper = quotaZookeeper
            .substring(procZookeeper.length() + 1);

    /**
     * the path trie that keeps track fo the quota nodes in this datatree
     */
    private final PathTrie pTrie = new PathTrie();

    /**
     * This hashtable lists the paths of the ephemeral nodes of a session.
     */
    private final Map<Long, HashSet<String>> ephemerals =
        new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, HashSet<String>>();

    //......
}