Anagrams by Stack

How can anagrams result from sequences of stack operations? There are two sequences of stack operators which can convert TROT to TORT: 

[
i i i i o o o o
i o i i o o i o
]

where i stands for Push and o stands for Pop. Your program should, given pairs of words produce sequences of stack operations which convert the first word to the second.

A stack is a data storage and retrieval structure permitting two operations: 

Push - to insert an item and
Pop - to retrieve the most recently pushed item 
We will use the symbol i (in) for push and o (out) for pop operations for an initially empty stack of characters. Given an input word, some sequences of push and pop operations are valid in that every character of the word is both pushed and popped, and furthermore, no attempt is ever made to pop the empty stack. For example, if the word FOO is input, then the sequence: 

i i o i o o is valid, but 
i i o is not (it's too short), neither is 
i i o o o i (there's an illegal pop of an empty stack) 

Valid sequences yield rearrangements of the letters in an input word. For example, the input word FOO and the sequence i i o i o o produce the anagram OOF. So also would the sequence i i i o o o. You are to write a program to input pairs of words and output all the valid sequences of i and o which will produce the second member of each pair from the first.

 

Input

The input will consist of several lines of input. The first line of each pair of input lines is to be considered as a source word (which does not include the end-of-line character). The second line (again, not including the end-of-line character) of each pair is a target word. The end of input is marked by end of file.

 

Output

For each input pair, your program should produce a sorted list of valid sequences of i and o which produce the target word from the source word. Each list should be delimited by 

[
]

and the sequences should be printed in "dictionary order". Within each sequence, each i and o is followed by a single space and each sequence is terminated by a new line.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   madam
adamm
bahama
bahama
long
short
eric
rice
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   [
i i i i o o o i o o 
i i i i o o o o i o 
i i o i o i o i o o 
i i o i o i o o i o 
]
[
i o i i i o o i i o o o 
i o i i i o o o i o i o 
i o i o i o i i i o o o 
i o i o i o i o i o i o 
]
[
]
[
i i o i o i o o 
]
  
  

 

dfs思路 先把s1压进，然后逐位比较是否相等，相等则压入o表示弹栈，不等返回，栈的top-1，继续比较s2的下一位。假如所有的位比较完达到字符串长度则输出。否则返回

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=100;

char x1[maxn];
char s1[maxn];
char s2[maxn];
char stack[maxn];
int len1,len2,len3;

void dfs(int x,int y,int p)
{
    if(y==len2)
    {              
        printf("\n");               
        for(int i=0;i<len3;i++)
            printf("%c ",x1[i]);
    }
    else 
    {   
        if(x<len1)
        {  
            char temp=stack[p];                                                
            x1[len3++]='i';
            stack[p]=s1[x];
            dfs(x+1,y,p+1);
            stack[p]=temp;
            len3--;
        }
        if(p>0&&stack[p-1]==s2[y])
        {
            x1[len3++]='o';                                      
            dfs(x,y+1,p-1);
            len3--;
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
	while(cin>>s1>>s2)
    {                             
        len1=strlen(s1);
        len2=strlen(s2);
        len3=0;
	memset(stack,0,sizeof(stack));
        if(len1!=len2) 
        {
            printf("[\n]\n");
            continue;
        }
        printf("[");
        dfs(0,0,0);
        printf("\n]\n");
    }            
}