爬虫笔记（10/6）-------多开技能

爬虫文件批量运行，方法：

1.使用CrawProcess

官网：http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/practices.html

2.使用修改craw源码+自定义命令的方式实现

（1）创建一个project：scrapy startproject mymultispd

（2）进入mymultispd：cd mymultispd

（3）创建3个爬虫文件： scrapy genspider -t basic myspd1 sina.com.cn

scrapy genspider -t basic myspd2 sina.com.cn

scrapy genspider -t basic myspd3 sina.com.cn

（4）查看crawl文件，从GitHub上面下载下来：https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/blob/master/scrapy/commands/crawl.py

（5）在cmd下执行：

cd .\mymultispd\

mkdir mycmd                       #将新文件夹命名为mycmd

cd .\mycmd\

echo #>mucrawl.py        #进入新建的文件夹并创建Python文件

（6）复制crawl文件到mycrawl文件中，并修改：

import os
from scrapy.commands import ScrapyCommand
from scrapy.utils.conf import arglist_to_dict
from scrapy.utils.python import without_none_values
from scrapy.exceptions import UsageError

#建立一个命令类继承自scrapycommand
class Command(ScrapyCommand):

    requires_project = True

    def syntax(self):
        return "[options] <spider>"

    def short_desc(self):
        return "Run all spider"

    def add_options(self, parser):
        ScrapyCommand.add_options(self, parser)
        parser.add_option("-a", dest="spargs", action="append", default=[], metavar="NAME=VALUE",
                          help="set spider argument (may be repeated)")
        parser.add_option("-o", "--output", metavar="FILE",
                          help="dump scraped items into FILE (use - for stdout)")
        parser.add_option("-t", "--output-format", metavar="FORMAT",
                          help="format to use for dumping items with -o")

    def process_options(self, args, opts):
        ScrapyCommand.process_options(self, args, opts)
        try:
            opts.spargs = arglist_to_dict(opts.spargs)
        except ValueError:
            raise UsageError("Invalid -a value, use -a NAME=VALUE", print_help=False)
        if opts.output:
            if opts.output == '-':
                self.settings.set('FEED_URI', 'stdout:', priority='cmdline')
            else:
                self.settings.set('FEED_URI', opts.output, priority='cmdline')
            feed_exporters = without_none_values(
                self.settings.getwithbase('FEED_EXPORTERS'))
            valid_output_formats = feed_exporters.keys()
            if not opts.output_format:
                opts.output_format = os.path.splitext(opts.output)[1].replace(".", "")
            if opts.output_format not in valid_output_formats:
                raise UsageError("Unrecognized output format '%s', set one"
                                 " using the '-t' switch or as a file extension"
                                 " from the supported list %s" % (opts.output_format,
                                                                  tuple(valid_output_formats)))
            self.settings.set('FEED_FORMAT', opts.output_format, priority='cmdline')

    def run(self, args, opts):
        #获取爬虫列表
        spd_loader_list = self.crawler_process.spider_loader.list()
        #遍历各爬虫
        for spname in spd_loader_list or args:
            self.crawler_process.crawl(spname, **opts.spargs)
            print("此时启动的爬虫为："+spname)
        self.crawler_process.start()

（7）添加一个初始化文件__init__.py

echo #>__init__.py

（8）设置settings文件，添加一句：

COMMANDS_MODULE = 'mymultispd.mycmd'

（9）cmd执行：scrapy -h

（10）使用自定义命令启动所有爬虫文件：scrapy mycrawl --nolog