前言:c++提供了四种类型转换,分别是static_cast,reinterpret_cast,dynamic_cast,const_cast。它们都有各自的运用场景.
语法形式(四种都一样):
Type dist = *_cast<Type>(src);
1. static_cast(静态类型转换)
c/c++中自动类型转换的数据都可以使用static_cast进行转换,这种类型转换使得c++编译器在编译的时候进行类型检查。
代码例子:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void testInt(){
cout << "double ==> int" <<endl;
double b = 24.3436546;
cout << "b:"<< b << endl;
int a = (int)b; // c语言类型转换
cout << "c: b ==> a:" << a <<endl;
int c = static_cast<int>(b);
cout << "c++: b ==> c:" << c <<endl;
}
void testChar(){
cout << "int ==> char" <<endl;
int b = 100;
cout << "b:"<< b << endl;
char a = (char)b; // c语言类型转换
cout << "c: b ==> a:" << a <<endl;
char c = static_cast<char>(b);
cout << "c++: b ==> c:" << c <<endl;
}
int main(){
testInt();
testChar();
}
2. reinterpret_cast(重新解释类型)
重新解释类型,有点类似强制转换,如下代码所示:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Dog{};
class Cat{};
int main(){
char* p1 = "the world well be wanderful";
int* p2 = (int*)p1; // c语言类型转换
//int* p3 = static_cast<int*>(p1);
int* p3 = reinterpret_cast<int*>(p1);
cout << "p1:" << p1 <<endl;
cout << "p2:" << p2 <<endl;
cout << "p3:" << p3 <<endl;
Dog* dog = new Dog();
Cat* cat = reinterpret_cast<Cat*>(dog);
}
3. dynamic_cast(动态类型转换)
动态类型转换通常用于将父类指针指向的对象(子类)转换成子类对象。在发生动态的情况下可以用于鉴别父类指针指向的对象的具体类别。
如:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal{
public:
virtual void run(){
cout << "Animal is runing..." <<endl;
}
};
class Dog : public Animal{
public:
void run(){
cout << "Dog is runing..." <<endl;
}
void doHome(){
cout << "Dog doHome..." <<endl;
}
};
class Cat : public Animal{
public:
void run(){
cout << "Cat is runing..." <<endl;
}
void doThing(){
cout << "猫抓老鼠..." <<endl;
}
};
void play(Animal* base){
base->run();
Dog* dog = dynamic_cast<Dog* >(base);
if(dog !=NULL){
dog->doHome();
}
Cat* cat = dynamic_cast<Cat* >(base);
if(cat != NULL){
cat->doThing();
}
};
int main(){
Dog dog;
Cat cat;
play(&dog);
play(&cat);
}
4. const_cast(常量转换)
可以将const修饰的指针变量转换成普通的指针变量。使用时需要确保指针变量指向的内存空间的值确实能修改,如果不能修改则会报错。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void test(const char* p){
char* p1 = const_cast<char *>(p);
p1[3] = 'x';
}
int main(){
char buf[] = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
test(buf);
cout << buf <<endl;
char* p = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
cout << p <<endl;
// test(p); // 程序员要确保变量指向的内存空间确实能修改,
// 如果不能修改会带来灾难性的后果
}